Singapore is an island country with an area of about 620.5 km2 (216.7 mi2) and a population of more than 2.5 million. The city is highly urbanized with its main economic emphases on trade, industry and harbour services. Animal husbandry activities in the country is, therefore, confined to the raising of pigs and poultry for local consumption. Small numbers of cattle, goat, duck and quail are also produced. With a highly intensive animal production system, Singapore is able to be fully self-sufficient in pork and chicken eggs and 79 percent self-sufficient in poultry.

Website that shows everyday weather forecast of Singapore on a 24 hour basis observing and understand the weather and climate affecting Singapore and to provide services in support of national needs and international co-operation. The key areas within the mission include

To further the overall interest of the members and to establish links with cement and concrete related organizations nationally and internationally and to foster information exchange and closer cooperation with such organizations. To promote usage of cement and concrete products To promote health, safety and environmental awareness in the cement and concrete industries To liaise with government and relevant bodies in the formulation of technical specifications and industrial practices

Singapore is situated near the equator and has a typically tropical climate, with abundant rainfall, high and uniform temperatures, and high humidity all year round. Many of its climate variables, such as temperature and relative humidity, do not show large month-to-month variation. However, many variables exhibit prominent diurnal (or daily) variations from hour to hour, indicating the strong influence that solar heating has on the local climate.

The Singapore Department of Statistics (DOS) develops and maintains a national statistical service of quality, integrity and expertise. As the National Statistical Office, we deliver insightful statistics and trusted statistical services that empower decision making. Our data are used by public sector agencies, policymakers, international agencies, businesses, researchers, analysts and the general public as vital inputs for monitoring economic and social trends, policy formulation and evaluation, planning and research, and international reporting.

Focuses on Singapore to be a leading global city with a dynamic economy, world-class and innovative enterprises, a conducive environment for entrepreneurs and enterprises to tap its diverse opportunities and good jobs for all Singapore and to promote economic growth and create good jobs, to enable Singaporeans to improve their lives. Together with our statutory boards, we will ensure that Singapore’s economy continues to be competitive, is able to attract investments, and nurture a deeper base of global Singapore enterprises.Key Economic Indicators Key statistical data such as on the labour market, productivity, industrial production, investments, retail activity, tourism and trade.

Total electricity consumption in GWh by sub-sector. The sub-sectors are as defined in the Singapore Standard Industrial Classification, 2015 (SSIC 2015).

Revenue in the Food & Beverages segment is projected to reach US$260m in 2020. Revenue is expected to show an annual growth rate (CAGR 2020-2024) of 9.0%, resulting in a projected market volume of US$366m by 2024. User penetration will be 15.0% in 2020 and is expected to hit 21.5% by 2024. The average revenue per user (ARPU) is expected to amount to US$296.17.

NParks Flora & Fauna Web is a user-friendly one-stop information portal which allows users to search for information on both plants grown in this region and animals that can be found in Singapore. It caters to the growing horticultural interest and wildlife awareness in Singapore.

The overall scope of the assessment is to assess the status and trends with regard to biodiversity and ecosystem services, the impact of biodiversity and ecosystem services on human well-being and the effectiveness of responses, including the Strategic Plan and its Aichi Biodiversity Targets. It is anticipated that this deliverable will contribute to the process for the evaluation and renewal of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity and its Aichi Biodiversity Targets.

The largest share of the household budgets go to food (home-cooked meals, hawker food, and restaurant meals) for all household types, followed by housing-related items (housing, maintenance fees, and utilities). The third largest share of these households goes to recreation and cultural activities, which include holidays, leisure and religious activities. This study reveals that ordinary members of society can come to consensus about a basic standard of living in light of norms and experiences in contemporary Singapore

Fish farming in Singapore is increasing to an extent that more fish is being extracted through farming than ocean extraction of fish

Importing fuels is critical for Singapore to secure a reliable and diversified supply of competitively-priced energy. In 2018, Singapore imported a total of 167.0 Mtoe of energy products, 12.1% lower than the 189.9 Mtoe recorded in the preceding year. This was primarily due to lower imports of Petroleum Products, Crude Oil, and Coal and Peat. The majority of Singapore’s energy imports were in the form of Petroleum Products (59.5%). Natural Gas (NG) imports totalled 10.0 Mtoe in 2018, with the bulk comprising Piped Natural Gas (PNG) (7.1 Mtoe). Total NG imports grew by 0.9% in 2018, driven by the growth of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) import

Whole Roads or Section of Roads including lane maintained by LTA. Collector roads are built primarily to feed traffic from local onto arterial roads. It also provides access to adjacent land uses. Local access roads provide access to various types of land uses. These roads are generally smaller, in terms of width, than collector roads. All public roads maintained by LTA are paved. Road Length in lane-km data includes all public roads maintained by the Land Transport Authority. It does not include certain roads such as those maintained by the National Parks Board (Nparks), Housing and Development Board (HDB) and Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA), JTC Corporation (JTC) - including roads in Jurong Island , National Environment Agency (NEA) , Ministry of Home Affairs (ISD), Ministry of Home Affairs (POLICE), Singapore General Hospital (SGH) , Public Utilities Board (PUB), Singapore Land Authority (SLA) , AGRI-Food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore (AVA) as well as roads within Sentosa Island (SDC), airports (CAAS), seaports (PSA), universities (NTU, NUS), Community Improvement Project Committee (CIPC) , Private, Ministry of Home Affairs (prisons), Immigration & Checkpoints Authority (ICA) and military (MINDEF) areas. The road length is shorter than the as build roads due to re-alignment of Changi Coast Road (Major Road) and Changi Ferry Road (Collector Road).

Location of waste plants in Singapore

To meet increasing travel demand in future, a higher proportion of our travel needs will have to be met by public transport. It is therefore vital to make public transport a choice mode of transport for Singaporeans. The Land Transport Master Plan 2013 set out goals to be achieved by 2030. A key goal is to increase the peak hour public transport mode share to 75%. We are on track to meet this target as we crossed 67% last year. To make public transport the choice mode of transport, we are enhancing our public transport system to make it more attractive to Singaporeans and a viable alternative to the car. By strengthening the integration of our public transport system, commuters should be able to benefit from: Seamless and convenient transfers, Easily accessible services, Reliable and comfortable travel journeys

The implementation of sustainable waste management in Singapore requires effective modeling and simulation methods and tools to evaluate process sustainability and to generate sustainable solutions. This requirement has however presented several challenges due to the current lack of rigorous sustainability measurement methods, effective evaluation systems, and localized inventory data. This chapter presents research to explore some of the challenging issues in sustainability modeling and simulation. It develops a science-based sustainability assessment method to measure, evaluate and compare sustainability footprints of alternative waste management processes.

Population.sg brings together people with diverse backgrounds to discuss and write about population matters in Singapore. We focus on demographic challenges in Singapore and what needs to be done to create a strong Singaporean core with good opportunities and high-quality living for Singaporeans.

One of Refining’s strategic goals for SRC to achieve long-term competitiveness is by continuously upgrading SRC to a more complex configuration. There are many in-house and strategic projects planned which are important to sustain SRC’s operations. These projects focus on safety and reliability, compliance, sustainability and replacement. A recent notable capital project at SRC is the completion of the Gasoline Clean Fuels and Cogeneration plant in 2017. The new facility enhances the refinery’s capability to produce higher-quality gasoline products while achieving energy self-sufficiency.

The Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore has recently acquired a renewable energy storage system. The system, along with all installation and training facilities, were bought over from Acta SpA. This is the largest single order for the producer thus far, and will be located at the Raffles Lighthouse on Singapore’s island of Pulau Satuma. The system will be used to convert unused electricity produced from solar and wind power stations to hydrogen, and produce 4 kW of power per hour through a fuel cell module using the green hydrogen.

From the Ministry of Trade and Industry - Department of Statistics. From 1995, the General Household Survey (GHS) is conducted in between 2 Population Censuses as a mid-decade mini-Census. The General Household Survey (GHS) 2015 is the third in the series of mid-decade national survey. It covers a wide range of topics and provides comprehensive data on Singapore’s population and households in between the population censuses that are conducted once in ten years.

As the pioneer and largest F&B Association in Singapore, Restaurant Association of Singapore has more than 500 members, representing close to 800 brands that operate more than 5,000 outlets. Our members comprise a good mix of business models such as restaurants, caterers, fast foods and food courts, with various cuisine types, thus providing a wholesome view and opinion, with the common goal to propel the industry forward. Since 1980, RAS has acted as a collective voice for the F&B industry and strives to advance the industry through various platforms such as bridging closer working relationships between businesses and government agencies, networking events for members, recognition and awards platforms and administering programmes to drive business success.

The retail and wholesale trade industries span a wide range of businesses. They include both business-to-business and business-to-consumer companies.In Singapore, different industries are regulated by a governing body, such as an agency which may outline specifications or standards that have to be met before goods can be sold or marketed. Refer to individual industry pages for specific examples of how conformity assessment plays a role in your industry.

RTAS provides service such as publication of daily rubber market report. A social get-together dinner has been organised annually over several decades during the lunar new year season, which aims to facilitate interaction amongst the rubber fraternity in order to promote the well being and the growth of the rubber industry. This dinner has been well attended by local, regional and global participants.

Singapore has world-class refining, storage, and distribution infrastructure, and Jurong Island on the southern edge of the country is the center of Singapore’s petrochemical industry. Several major international energy companies operate retail networks in the area. Singapore’s government plans to promote long-term growth in refining capacity and oil storage capacity in order to maintain its market position as a refining and oil-trading leader.

The city-state of Singapore, with a population of 5.6 million, is a wealthy, developed and highly urbanized country. As there is little local agricultural production, Singapore is almost entirely dependent upon imports for its food requirements. The country’s economy is mainly driven by financial services, manufacturing, and tourism. As the country is highly import dependent for food security, Singapore’s food laws are focused on ensuring consistent foreign supply of food and agricultural products. While trade contacts report Singapore can be very strict on sanitary and phytosanitary issues, the country maintains a liberal and open trade system. Singapore does not impose quotas and tariffs on imported food and agricultural products (except tobacco and alcoholic beverages). Singapore’s total agricultural product imports in 2018 reached $9.9 billion USD, roughly ten percent of which was sourced from the United States.

The Singapore Chemical Industry Council Limited (SCIC) is the official industry association representing the Singapore Energy and Chemicals cluster in the private sector. It plays a proactive role in representing the interests of this manufacturing sector and continues to promote it as a major economic pillar of Singapore.

The Singapore Energy Statistics (SES) is the Energy Market Authority (EMA)'s annual publication on energy statistics in Singapore. It aims to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the Singapore energy landscape through a detailed coverage of various energy-related topics. The publication is also accompanied by a micro-site to facilitate easier access to our energy data to users on-the-go.

SFMA has also championed several industry initiatives that are aligned to the Food Manufacturing Industry Transformation Map, such as Food Innovation Product Award, Singapore Food Gifts Initiative, the Singapore Food Expo and Asia Pacific Food Expo to help food manufacturers innovate, internationalise and create new channels for business growth.

ccording to the U.N. FAO, 2.9% or about 2,000 ha of Singapore is forested, according to FAO. Singapore's forests contain - million metric tons of carbon in living forest biomass. Biodiversity and Protected Areas: Singapore has some 590 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 2.7% are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 2.9% are threatened. Singapore is home to at least 2282 species of vascular plants, of which 0.1% are endemic. 5.2% of Singapore is protected under IUCN categories I-V.

Its primary roles include promoting the interest of its members and the Singapore furniture industry, facilitating members’ exposure to the world market, creating more entrepreneurs through human resource development through the incorporalization of SFIC Institute, developing local talents, creating more leading-edge and boast the overall design standards through the holistics design dna program which includes organising competitions such as the annual Furniture Design Award, overseas design missions and seminars etc. SFIC also forge strategic partnerships with government and trade-related agencies, harnessing technology and knowledge for growth through the use of information technology.

Singapore serves as a global leader in water management thanks to active support from its government. Despite facing the challenging environment of a densely populated island, the country has managed to make access to water universal, efficient, affordable and of high quality. However, the expected increase in population and industrial water usage, in conjunction with rising energy costs and the unpredictable negative impacts of climate change, it is necessary to develop more sustainable water management practices. Specifically, it is imperative to reduce per capita water consumption, which is significantly higher in Singapore compared to similar cities. Education and water pricing techniques, along with sustained scientific advancement, will allow Singapore to continue not only as a world leader in water management, but also as an international hub for commerce, transportation, finance, research and development.

The Singapore Mining Club was formed in early 2014 by mining industry professionals who recognised the benefit that could be provided by an active industry association to support further development of Singapore’s growing mining industry Members The Club’s ultimate purpose is to promote the development of Singapore as the pre-eminent regional hub for the management and financing of mining enterprises.

SINGAPORE—Asia's largest oil-trading hub is about to get much larger. Singapore is running out of space for the facilities needed to store crude oil, products such as gasoline, and chemicals. Billions of dollars of new investment money is flowing into neighboring Malaysia and Indonesia to take up the slack. Singapore's existing energy infrastructure...

The ultimate use of timber should determine the kind, grade and dimensions and that the dealings in timber as in any other commodity is a matter of arrangement between buyer and seller. For Wood being a natural product and regardless of how careful the log is sawn, it will have little and will not be entirely free from defect. Nevertheless, the timber grading rules provide a set of guidelines laid to enable users better understand the allowable defects on the kind of timber they acquired.

Water demand in Singapore is currently about 430 million gallons a day (mgd) that is enough to fill 782 Olympic-sized swimming pools, with homes consuming 45% and the non-domestic sector taking up the rest. By 2060, Singapore's total water demand could almost double, with the non-domestic sector accounting for about 70%. By then, NEWater and desalination will meet up to 85% of Singapore’s future water demand.

Water demand in Singapore is currently about 430 million gallons a day (mgd) that is enough to fill 782 Olympic-sized swimming pools, with homes consuming 45% and the non-domestic sector taking up the rest. By 2060, Singapore's total water demand could almost double, with the non-domestic sector accounting for about 70%. By then, NEWater and desalination will meet up to 85% of Singapore’s future water demand.As demand for water continues to increase in tandem with population and economic growth, we will need to plan and implement water infrastructure well ahead to secure an adequate and affordable supply of water for the future generations.

Providing reliable, efficient & sustainable solutions that power the present & empower the future.

TaFF (Textile and Fashion Federation) is the official association for the textile and fashion industry in Singapore, and plays an active role in supporting and developing the industry by positioning Singapore as an innovative fashion hub with a focus in three key areas: Technology & Innovation, Sustainability, and Asian Craftsmanship. TaFF champions programmes which build capabilities, expand Singapore’s fashion and textile businesses internationally, and promote environmentally-friendly business practices. We aim to bolster the growth of local fashion designers and retailers and advocate the importance of raising the visibility of homegrown brands both locally and all around the globe.

The Association of Electronic Industries in Singapore (AEIS) is a non-profit organization and the only industry association representing the electronics business in Singapore.nAEIS represents all facets of the electronics and supporting services industries. It covers manufacturers of industries electronics, electronic components and consumer electronics products as well as industrial companies associated with the electronics industry.

ingapore, local food fish farms produce around 10 percent of Singapore’s consumption of food fish. As Singapore envisions production of 30 percent of Singapore’s nutritional needs locally by 2030, Singapore’s aquaculture industry needs to transform and adopt technology to raise productivity, strengthen climate resilience and overcome Singapore’s resource constraints. Some farms have already developed innovations such as floating closed containment farming systems and adopted Internet-of-Things (IoT) solutions. There is also an increasingly vibrant aquaculture R&D ecosystem that works closely with the industry to develop solutions and address technology gaps in the sector. In solving its own challenges, Singapore has the potential to become a leader in tropical aquaculture technology and develop innovations that can benefit the world.

The aim of this webpage and the aim of the project under this webpage is to restore nature back in the urban environment of Singapore by planting a million trees across Singapore for a new nature vision in Singapore

This statistic shows the value of livestock production in Singapore from 2006 to 2018. In 2006, the value of livestock production in Singapore was 45.9 million Singapore dollars. In 2018, this value was 74.2 million Singapore dollars.

SINGAPORE - Despite a zero-growth cap on the vehicle quota system, new government figures show that the vehicle population in the Republic grew by 1.4 per cent in the first nine months of the year to 970,344.

This is assumed to be the volume of used water that enters the water treatment plants in Singapore. The data points are obtained from various sources: - Data for years 2011 to 2018, and 2009 are obtained from the annual publication 'Key Environmental Statistics' by the Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources for the years 2010, and 2014 to 2019. - Datapoint for 2010 is obtained from ASEAN IWRM PERFORMANCE REPORTS & MONITORING INDICATORS - Singapore 2010 Report (Sanitation Management) https://aseaniwrm.water.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Singapore-2010-Report-Sanitation-Management1.pdf. - Data for years 2003 to 2008 are obtained from Table 23.2 in the publication Lee, Poh Onn (2010) "The Four Taps: Water self-sufficiency in Singapore".

In 2019, about 7.23 million tonnes of solid waste was generated, of which 4.25 million tonnes were recycled. The 6 per cent reduction in the amount of waste generated compared to 2018 is the third yearly reduction since 2017. It is a positive step in Singapore’s journey towards becoming a Zero Waste Nation, and to prolong the lifespan of Semakau Landfill beyond 2035. Waste generated by the non-domestic and domestic sectors both saw a reduction in 2019 - from 5.70 million tonnes and 2.00 million tonnes respectively in 2018, to 5.37 million tonnes and 1.87 million tonnes respectively in 2019.

In 2019, about 7.23 million tonnes of solid waste was generated, of which 4.25 million tonnes were recycled. The 6 per cent reduction in the amount of waste generated compared to 2018 is the third yearly reduction since 2017. It is a positive step in Singapore’s journey towards becoming a Zero Waste Nation, and to prolong the lifespan of Semakau Landfill beyond 2035. Waste generated by the non-domestic and domestic sectors both saw a reduction in 2019 - from 5.70 million tonnes and 2.00 million tonnes respectively in 2018, to 5.37 million tonnes and 1.87 million tonnes respectively in 2019.

Annual water sales in cubic metres according to the type of sale (domestic or non-domestic, industrial water or NEWater). Industrial water and NEWater are produced from treated used water. Data is from the Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources, and the Public Utilities Board. Data before the year 2011 is obtained from 'Yearbook of Statistics Singapore 2010' and 'Yearbook of Statistics Singapore 2012'.

Singapore’s domestic wholesale sales registered a decline of 40.6% in second quarter 2020 compared to the same period a year ago, due mainly to lower sales in petroleum. Excluding petroleum, domestic wholesale sales decreased 24.4%. The decline was due mainly to the Circuit Breaker, resulting in lower domestic demand from various industries. Compared to the previous quarter, seasonally adjusted domestic wholesale sales dropped 35.7% in second quarter 2020, due to lower sales in petroleum. Excluding petroleum, domestic sales contracted by 16.6% from the previous quarter.

This spreadsheet contains data on Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) composition or other waste types (household, plastics) compiled by Jasmine McHugh under the supervision of Dr. Simron Singh (University of Waterloo, Canada) between September and December 2025.

While Greater China almost overtakes the U.S. as largest fashion market in the world, key economic indicators create a more cautious mood for the global fashion industry potentially slowing down by 2020. For companies it is crucial to prepare plans to address a possible transformation of global value chains emerging by new opportunities from global consumer spending shifting towards emerging economies as well as trade tensions and uncertainties. A leverage point could be to take a strong position on social and environmental issues, as this is very much demanded by the younger generation.

As a small country of just 725 km2 and a population of over 5.6 million people, Singapore is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. Singapore is a developed country, with the 7th highest GDP per capita, where plastic bags and other single-use plastics have become cheaply and widely available. For more than three decades, retailers and eateries have offered plastic bags, containers and disposable cutlery at no extra charge to their customers, making single-use plastic part and parcel of the fast-paced urban Singapore lifestyle.

mall island states have features in common which make it difficult for them to assure food security through self-production, notably limited land, fresh water and labour. As these island states grow economically, diet diversification by an increasingly affluent population demands a balance between food imports and self-production. Singapore, a wealthy, small island state has consistently been ranked high in food security in international comparisons, but only under conditions when trade is uninhibited and countries do not reduce food exports. The COVID-19 pandemic has shown vulnerabilities in the country’s “Resilience” strategy to maintain food security through importing over 90% of its food needs from over 170 countries. Leading up to and during the pandemic, strategic policy initiatives were announced by the government and new measures were taken to increase the stability of imports, ramp up production from existing farms, increase self-production by 300% by 2030 through increasing the number of high technology urban vegetable and fish farms, and factory-cultured food, and reducing food waste. Singapore offers lessons for other small island states in ways to improve their food security.

BIOME serves as a single repository of biodiversity (flora and fauna, plants and animals information of Singapore) and environment related data, contributed by the public, government agencies, educational institutions and NGOs. Facilities in BIOME include sighting submission, data upload functions, search engine, visual of data on Singapore map and analytic tools. One of its key aims is to facilitate government in current works or operations, and researchers or consultants in their studies, on matters relating to biodiversity and environment.

Collaborative contracting (CC) is the direction that Singapore is venturing into in line with the Construction Industry Transformation Map. For its successful adoption, it is necessary to examine the potential barriers and possible solutions. Therefore, this study aims to explore the current status, major barriers and best solutions for the adoption of CC in the Singapore construction industry.

This statistic shows the consumption of petroleum products from 2010 to 2017 in Singapore. In 2017, the consumption of petroleum products amounted to approximately 8.8 million metric tons of oil equivalent. The amount of petroleum products consumed in Singapore slightly decreased in comparison to the previous year.

Info GIS MAP.com provides information as to how to create, use and analyze different kind of maps for solving global complex problem with a different approach. This website has different GIS and map tools, making use of which you can solve problem without installing additional software’s. You may also get new innovative news, information, ideas and tutorials for development of maps and GIS application

The statistic shows the gross domestic product of the wholesale and retail industry of Singapore between 2010 and 2019. In 2019, the GDP of the Singaporean wholesale and retail industry amounted to approximately 83.2 billion Singapore dollars.

The statistic shows the industrial production index for paper and paper products manufactured in Singapore between 2007 and 2019. In 2018, the paper and paper products industry had an industrial production index of 100.1.

The statistic shows the industrial production index for rubber and plastic products produced in Singapore between 2007 and 2019. In 2018, the rubber and plastic products industry had an industrial production index of 100.1.

The statistic shows the industrial production index for rubber and plastic products produced in Singapore between 2007 and 2019. In 2018, the rubber and plastic products industry had an industrial production index of 100.1.

The statistic shows the number of restaurants in Singapore from 2005 to 2018. In 2018, there were around 4.6 thousand restaurants in operation in Singapore.

We pursue sustainable growth through expansion of existing facilities, construction of new terminals, and acquisitions in markets with continued growth in petroleum products, petrochemicals and refrigerated gas.

Statistics on Singapore's population are compiled by the Singapore Department of Statistics.

Electricity generation capacity – 11.5 GW Growth in electricity demand – 4.2% (consumption) Fuel mix – gas (70%), oil (30%) for installed capacity

These facilities will form the key interface between Tuas WRP and the National Environment Agency’s (NEA) Integrated Waste Management Facility (IWMF). Collectively, Tuas WRP and IWMF are known as Tuas Nexus, Singapore's first initiative that integrates water and solid waste treatment processes to harness synergies of the water-energy-waste nexus. At Tuas WRP’s biosolids treatment facility, used water sludge will be co-digested with IWMF’s food waste to increase the yield of biogas, which will then be combusted at the IWMF to boost power generation and improve its overall plant energy efficiency. The IWMF will thereby be able to generate more electricity. The total electricity generated at the IWMF will be sufficient to power 300,000 four-room HDB apartments. A portion of this will be used to operate Tuas WRP and IWMF, which will make the whole Tuas Nexus complex fully energy self-sufficient. The rest will be sold to the grid.

Landmarks township MRT expressway Singapore map Rain areas over Singapore. rain legend. Select overlay. Landmark. HDB Town. MRT Station. Expressway.

Singapore's economy is characterised by excellent finances and a high degree of openness, with the country being highly dependent on international trade. However, GDP only grew 0.7% in 2019. The slowdown, the worst in 10 years, is mainly due to the trade war between the US and China and to a cyclical global downturn in the electronic sector. Coface estimated at 2.3% GDP growth in 2019. Growth factors include its business-friendly regulatory system, 180% of GDP in exports and domestic demand. According to the updated IMF forecasts from 14th April 2020, due to the outbreak of the COVID-19, GDP growth is expected to fall to -3.5% in 2020 and pick up to 3% in 2021, subject to the post-pandemic global economic recovery.

The Singapore self-storage market is expected to grow at 6.3% CAGR during the forecast period of 2020-2025. The requirement for more space for belongings depends on several changes in a consumer’s lifestyle, such as moving home, family expansion, and retiring. With the rising urbanization and apartments in major Singapore cities gradually getting smaller and more expensive, a significant portion of the country’s population is finding they are running out of the room. Self-storage concepts have stepped in to cater to this rising customer requirement, and as provision steadily grows, it appeals to the players operating in the market.

Singapore's energy sector has come a long way since its early days. Over the last 50 years, we have moved from oil to natural gas for cleaner power generation. We have also seen more of use of solar energy, particularly on rooftops and reservoirs. With challenges brought about by climate change, we will need to change the way we use and produce energy. This is particularly so if our energy demand continues to rise with our economic development. Working towards a future where energy is reliable, produced and consumed efficiently, Singapore will harness these “4 Switches”:

n 2018, the total population of Singapore was approximately 5.64 million inhabitants. Population growth in the country is slow and even dropped below one percent the same year.

The transformation of the Singapore economy over the past five decades has been impressive, producing rapid economic growth and delivering extraordinary improvements in social welfare. During that period, Singapore has evolved into a developed economy with multiple engines of growth including globally competitive manufacturing clusters, one of the world's pre-eminent financial and transportation centres, and the location for regional or global headquarters of major corporations. Today, the economy remains in generally sound shape. However, the Singapore economy faces significant challenges in coming years, including disruptions caused by new technologies, changing structures of international competitiveness, and growing economic nationalism

This Handbook is intended to act as a reference for those agri-food producers planning for, or in the process of entering, the Singaporean market. This Handbook provides step-by-step guides on entering the agri-food market in Singapore including relevant information such as analysis of the Singaporean market for different product categories, market access and market entry procedures, IP protection, referrals to professional buyers and a signposting and referral system providing useful contacts and ways to penetrate the Singaporean market.

Singapore’s car industry is bracing for some big changes in 2018. Besides a new vehicular emissions scheme that takes more than just carbon dioxide into account, vehicle population growth is set to be cut to zero (from 0.25 per cent). Suffice it to say, brands have a smaller pie to fight over and annual sales will inevitably be lower than in 2017

Tourism is a major industry in Singapore, contributing to around four percent of its gross domestic product in 2019. In 2018, Singapore was the fifth-most visited city in the world, and second-most visited city in Southeast Asia. Visitor arrivals to Singapore in that year were recorded to be around 18.5 million, while 2019 saw a record 19.11 million international visitor arrivals. Since 2009, visitor numbers have doubled, and growth in this area is expected to continue in the near future.

Public waste collectors (PWCs) are appointed by NEA through open tenders to serve domestic and trade premises in Singapore by geographical sectors. The tenders are open to companies that meet the pre-qualification criteria [pdf 85 Kb], and successful bidders are awarded licences to provide waste and recyclables collection services for the respective sectors for seven to eight years. Currently, four PWCs operate in Singapore and serve in the six sectors

The report discusses the global food supply situation and its impact on Singapore’s food security; what the ‘30 by 30’ goal means for Singapore as a responsible global citizen addressing food security amidst climate change; how technology innovations can be harnessed to ‘grow more with less’ locally and produce affordable food sustainably; and the role of businesses in co-creating solutions to achieve this goal. This summary report covers key topics discussed during the session and includes additional insights to complement the discussion on the potential implications for businesses and policymaking.

The natural and semi-natural areas within cities provide important refuges for biodiversity, as well as many benefits to people. To study urban ecology and quantify the benefits of urban ecosystems, we need to understand the spatial extent and configuration of different types of vegetated cover within a city. It is challenging to map urban ecosystems because they are typically small and highly fragmented; thus requiring high resolution satellite images. This article describes a new high-resolution map of land cover for the tropical city-state of Singapore. We used images from WorldView and QuickBird satellites, and classified these images using random forest machine learning and supplementary datasets into 12 terrestrial land classes. Close to 50 % of Singapore’s land cover is vegetated while freshwater fills about 6 %, and the rest is bare or built up. The overall accuracy of the map was 79 % and the class-specific errors are described in detail. Tropical regions such as Singapore have a lot of cloud cover year-round, complicating the process of mapping using satellite imagery. The land cover map provided here will have applications for urban biodiversity studies, ecosystem service quantification, and natural capital assessment

_How were these GPS points obtained?_ Changi and Seletar airports are mentioned in https://www.caas.gov.sg/operations-safety/airports. Opening date obtained from respective airport websites. _Are there any known data gaps?_ N/A

Cities have evolved as centers of economic growth and often described as open systems where the intake of resources is heavily dependent on flows imported from the external environment. The question is, how much of the resource available in cities is effectively utilized? In response, this paper develops an ecological-thermodynamic approach to assess the ability of a system to make full use of the resources available and reduce the demand for new resources. In this work, open system network effectiveness analysis is introduced as a novel assessment method to investigate the cities’ producer and consumer behaviors by studying the resource flow connections and the interactions between the socio-economic sectors. Investigation on the urban flows network evaluates the ability of the system to utilize the resource imported through the effectiveness of utilization indicator and the ability to convert the resource imported to useful products through the effectiveness of conversion indicator. The effectiveness indicators, utilization and conversion, represent the consumption and production characteristics of the system respectively. This is tested through a case study conducted for Singapore city over the time period 2005–2014. The effectiveness results show that the city, on average, has utilized 45% of the maximum extractable usefulness from the resources imported throughout the years, with the lowest effectiveness, 39%, and the highest effectiveness, 50%, in the years 2007 and 2014 respectively. The trajectory of effectiveness results throughout the years suggests a trade-off relationship between the producers and consumers to balance the production and consumption of resources in the city.

the 2019 annual total rainfall was below average over most of the islandwide rainfall stations. At the Changi climate station the rainfall recorded was 1368 mm, which was 37% below the 1981-2010 long-term average.

_How were these GPS points obtained?_ List of all border checkpoints are found at https://www.ica.gov.sg/about-us/our-checkpoints. Details of each crossing obtained from the Infopedia series by the National Library Board, Singapore. _Are there any known data gaps?_ N/A

Indeed, the transport of tomorrow is driven by technology. We can look forward to more seamless connections enabled by data, smoother traffic flows on roads with artificial intelligence-controlled traffic lights, dynamically-routed bus services to reduce travelling and waiting times, and autonomous vehicles plying our roads. Sustainability is among our long-term goals. We have made a commitment to power our entire bus and taxi fleets to cleaner energy by 2040.

Presentation done on a conference focusing on building a competitive and resilent hospitality industry with state of the art hotels

One of the challenges faced in implementing waste reduction initiatives is the difficulty in measuring and tracking the amount of waste generated and recycled, unlike energy or water consumption, which can be easily measured using meters.

Urban indicators plays an important role in the planning and sustainable development of the cities. This paper presents a methodology to determine the favorability index for development of Singapore based on land cover. The ‘City Index’ of Singapore was calculated using five indicators – Social, Environmental, Industrialization, Economic, and Naturality. Two indices ‘Environmental Capacity of Development’ and ‘Land Restriction’ were used as correction factors in the Singapore favorability index for development determination. The analysis of indicators and final index were carried out based on the land cover of Singapore in 2014 and in 2030 projection. A high favorability index was observed in the central and northwestern sides, in Pulau Tekong and Pulau Ubin ‘Environmental Capacity of Development’ factor is related to the significant importance in the natural territories and in the reclamation areas. Hence the central, North-West and surrounding islands registered higher values (close to 1) of the “Environmental Capacity of Development”. The high values of the ‘Land Restriction’ factor indicating many infrastructures and special use areas spread over the Singapore Island. On the other hand, the moderate values of the ‘Land Restriction’ factor are observed in few locations from North, South, central and northeastern islands of Singapore. The ‘Favorability index for development of Singapore’ depicts the central and northwestern sides together with the Tekong and Pulau Ubin as high favourable areas. The southern part of Singapore, near the coastline and the eastern extremity are predicted to be favourable areas in the future due to new reclamation lands extensions. The approach presented in this paper is indispensable tool for the Singapore urban decisions and future planning. Moreover, the methodology is useful and it can be adapted for large cities or metropolitan areas of capitals.

The book examines the role and effects of financial liberalisation in ten deregulated Asian developing countries including Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan and Thailand. These areas experienced significant financial and economic changes between the ‘financially repressed economies’ of the 1970s through to the 1990s.

Singapore aims to reduce its Emissions Intensity by 36% from 2005 levels and to stabilise its emissions with the aim of peaking around 2030. The manufacturing sector is an important part of Singapore’s economy, and has a role to play in contributing to Singapore’s efforts to manage carbon emissions. Improving energy efficiency in the manufacturing sector is a key strategy. We encourage companies to be lead adopters of technology to be energy efficient, as this will help companies, as well as Singapore’s economy, be more competitive in a carbon-constrained world.

A high level overview of the domestic electricity market, including domestic electricity companies, electricity generation and renewable energy, transmission, distribution, supply and tax issues. It covers the regulatory structure; foreign ownership; import of electricity; authorisation and operating requirements; trading between generators and suppliers; rates and conditions of sale and proposals for reform.

Energy is a resource of strategic importance for cities, a fortiori global cities that rely on tremendous indirect energy embodied in interregional trades of service industries. The assessment of embodied energy in service industries is thus vital to the committed sustainable development of global cities and fundamental to tailor-made local policymaking. This paper applies Multi-Regional Input-Output analysis to the assessment of total embodied energy in service industries in six global cities, i.e., Beijing, Chongqing, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Singapore, and Tianjin. It is found that Hong Kong and Singapore have relatively lower energy use intensities compared with the four cities located in Mainland China. Service industries consume 17.02∼46.40 % of total embodied energy in the six cities. Coastal cities like Tianjin, Shanghai, Hong Kong, and Singapore have higher proportions of transportation consumption. The four Chinese mainland cities consume a larger proportion of coal than Hong Kong and Singapore. The method and the findings of this paper are expected to facilitate both the government and the industries in energy policymaking for a smarter and more sustainable urban economy.

In Singapore, most electricity demanded is supplied from main power producers and Auto producers. With the new CCGTs plant technology, a stable voltage provided to the end user and the power plant is controlling the pollution to the environment. As the demand for electricity is growing every year in Singapore, renewable resources can help to reduce the environmental impact during the electricity generation. Such naturally replenished energy sources like hydropower, solar power, wind power, and biofuels are examples of renewable energy resources. Recently, the development of solar PV installation technologies has been multiplying in Singapore. However, solar energy depends on the solar radiation which is unpredictable throughout the day, month or season. Unstable and uncertain electricity supply is the primary concern to implement the PV system. To address the matter, the Energy Storage System (ESS) can support the PV installation to produce a stable electricity supply. In this project, the study is going to identify the reason for the unstable and uncertain electricity supply and analyse the current PV penetration in Singapore and thereby analysing Energy Storage System allocation and capacity Plan in Singapore.

Singapore's F&B sector is projected to grow at a 2.1% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) over the next five years amidst robust expansion in the mass market segment, according to a report from DBS. Defined as a segment with a per-head spend of $20 or less, the mass-market sector is estimated to be worth $6.2b or 75% of the overall F&B market. Companies in the mass-market segment have demonstrated healthy growth through acquisitions such as NTUC Foodfare’s acquisition of Kopitiam and BreadTalk’s planned acquisition of Food Junction.

Since the 1990s, the retail sector has been expanding and internationalizing its activities, thanks to the Internet and falling transaction costs across countries. Vast improvements in information technology have increased the efficiency of procurement and value-added activities in the regional and global value chain activities of the retail industry (Ganesan et al. 2009). Major retailers like Wal-Mart, Carrefour, Metro, Woolworths, Tesco, H&M and GAP, have been incredibly successful in carrying out value chain activities (VCAs) and processes (VCPs) internationally. Simultaneously, as they continue branching out to even more countries, these companies are also exploring value-added and value-capturing activities.

The adoption of climate-adaptive agricultural technologies (CAATs) for extensive (outdoor) agriculture is stalled by funding gaps experienced by governments in the Mekong countries, with negative implications on the rural farming industry, on income and job security among smallholder farmers, and on food sufficiency and access across the population. We argue that one way of helping bridge these gaps is for providers and users of CAATs for extensive agriculture to learn from the practices of those in CAATs for intensive (indoor) agriculture. Indoor CAATs are already receiving significant private-sector investment, a key reason being their ability to leverage the complementary nature of these technologies within farms that are integrated and enabled to use the so-called Internet of things (IoT). Seamlessly linking different CAATs (sensors, crop analytics, and automation) can allow for synergies that significantly boost crop yields and, in turn, the viability of investing in CAATs. We demonstrate these synergies through two case studies, one that looks at the increasing global investment in indoor CAATs and another that describes a financial viability assessment for an indoor farm in Singapore. We conclude with lessons on how these insights can be transferred to the Mekong countries, including a prototype IoT-enabled extensive farm that integrates multiple CAATs, and an investment assessment tool for translating the yield benefits into terms that investors can appreciate.

_How were these GPS points obtained?_ Data obtained from the National Environment Agency of Singapore. _Are there any known data gaps?_ N/A

The data visualisation on this document helps us to look at a portal that locates individual trees on a map, but also provides information on their scientific and common names, dimensions, carbon content, pruning schedule and more. It also makes sure tha the community can also indicate if the trees are flowering, upload their pictures of the trees and leave messages. The portal is part of NParks’ larger effort to harness science and technology to advance capabilities in greening, conservation and tree care management, as well as involving the community to realise the City in a Garden vision.

Annual Vehicle Statistics 2019. MOTOR VEHICLE POPULATION BY VEHICLE TYPE. End of Period (Year). 2009. 2010. 2011. 2012. 2013. 2014. 2015. 2016.

Natural gas, the cleanest form of fossil fuel, would still be Singapore's dominant fuel for its energy needs in the near future, even as the nation ramps up its solar output, This is because the city state has limited access to renewable energy options such as geothermal or wind power,

A design hinted at by Jug Cerovic after last year’s Transit Mapping Symposium, and seen in a photograph earlier this year has finally been made official. Here’s the new Singapore MRT map, currently only installed at the new Thomson-East Coast Line stations (Woodlands North, Woodlands and Woodlands South) but planned to be rolled out to the entire network. Of note is that the process for this redesign began way back in 2015 with a lot of public engagement and testing of prototypes

The economic analysis shows that both the thermal energy and battery storage options are feasible for office buildings in Singapore considering the investment conditions from year 2020 onwards. While chilled-water thermal energy storage is well established and relatively simple technology, the battery storage displays better economic return when selecting Li-Ion Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) technology. The optimal daily schedule of both storage solutions is presented in this study, showing how the optimization tool leverages the price signals, relying on trade-offs between operational expenditures and investment costs for the energy storage systems.

This statistic shows the total motor vehicle population in Singapore from 2011 to 2019. As of the end of 2018, there was a total of approximately 957 thousand motor vehicles in Singapore. In comparison, there were approximately 970 thousand motor vehicles in total in Singapore in 2012, indicating a decrease of about 13 thousand motor vehicles in 2018. However, the number is expected to grow back to 970 thousand in 2019.

Its goal is to promote understanding of the factors that contribute to a sustainable population in Singapore. A sustainable population is one that is balanced across the three pillars of a strong and cohesive society with Singaporeans at its heart, a dynamic and vibrant economy to provide good jobs and opportunities for Singaporeans, and a high quality living environment.

Population size, structure and changes have important implications for production, investment and consumption activities as well as community development, social networks and kinship ties. A good understanding of demographic forces and emerging trends is useful for policy makers, planners, businesses and the academia. The Singapore Department of Statistics compiles, monitors and analyses Singapore’s population statistics and indicators in detail. A report on Population Trends that puts together different aspects of demographic statistics is released annually. Population Trends 2012 is the eighth edition of the annual series.

_How were these GPS points obtained?_ Year opened data obtained from https://www.singaporepsa.com/about-us/milestones and http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_577_2005-01-27.html and http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2018-04-20_085007.html Aggregate terminals: https://www.bca.gov.sg/AggregateTerminals/pratandtat.html LNG Terminal: https://www.ema.gov.sg/cmsmedia/Newsletter/2014/04/spotlight-on/singapores-first-lng-terminal-launched.html _Are there any known data gaps?_ Opening year of aggregate terminals unknown.

_How were these GPS points obtained?_ Obtained from Global Energy Observatory an International Repository of Energy resources. _Are there any known data gaps?_ Data is only valid until 2010

_How were these GPS points obtained?_ Openstreet maps & Google _Are there any known data gaps?_ The updated list as of 2019, is not available

The residential built environment plays a crucial role in supporting many human activities. In urban areas however, high-rise residential buildings require significant investment of material resources, which are stacked for a long time over the building's lifetime. Assessing the Material Stock (MS) of buildings has been the focus of several studies for insights into in-use materials and their potential availability as secondary resources. The study of material circularity, or the potential to reuse materials emerging from end-of-life buildings, has so far been mostly limited to metals. This study argues that material stock analysis at individual material or material categories e.g. mineral, or metals, need to be complemented with building component stock estimations to enhance the potential for secondary resource recovery. Based on a bottom-up stock analysis approach, we estimate both the material and component stock of public housing developments in the city-state of Singapore and associated annual in- and out-flows. Results show that public housing in this city, which accommodates over 80 percent of its residents, accounts for 125.7 million tons of non-metallic minerals, 6.52 million tons of steel, 6.45 million windows, 8.61 million doors, 1.97 million toilet accessories, 15.33 million lighting fixtures, 0.99 million kitchen accessories (such as cookstove, kitchen cabinets) and 52.54 million m2 of tiles. The average stock of materials for these residential buildings is estimated at 27.4 tons of non-metallic minerals per capita and 1.4 tons of steel per capita. The average annual inflow of materials has been estimated to be 1.94 million tons for concrete and 0.1 million tons of steel, with a considerably low outflow of 0.31 million tons concrete and 0.02 million tons of steel, implying growth in these material stocks. This study provides a methodological approach to quantify building material and component stock and flows, which can be used by policy makers, urban planners and designers to consider responsible resource consumption. In particular, material and component stock estimations like that reported in this study contribute towards component-level circularity in the built environment.

URA was constituted as a Statutory Board in 1974, when urban renewal was in full swing. The challenge then was to transform Singapore from a Third World country plagued by poor living conditions and a floundering economy into a modern metropolis. As the land use planning agency, URA was central to the drama of rebuilding the entire island – from planning new towns to house the population and redeveloping the city centre as our Central Business District, to reclaiming and developing Marina Bay for longer-term needs. Within a few decades, Singapore changed itself into a First World metropolis and a global economic hub. Citizens now have access to quality homes, jobs and conveniences, and enjoy a safe and clean living environment that is rich in greenery and heritage.

The Singapore lies on 9m above sea level The climate is tropical in Singapore. Singapore has a significant amount of rainfall during the year. This is true even for the driest month. This climate is considered to be Af according to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. The temperature here averages 26.8 °C | 80.3 °F. The rainfall here is around 2378 mm | 93.6 inch per year.

This dataset presents data on the quantities of concrete and steel in Singapore from 2014 to 2016. Concrete is measured in million cubic meters, while steel is measured in million tonnes. It includes annual values for each material over the three-year period.

Singapore is a famous food capital in Asia. The food services industry plays a vital role in oureconomy. Singapore, also known as the Lion City, is an extremely attractive Asian market whichimports more than 90% of its food from producers from more than 160 countries worldwide.The global food and beverages (F&B) market is growing exponentially along with the growth inurban populations worldwide. Besides buying more food, discerning diners are driving demand forbetter food which are safe, natural and healthy. In addition, automation and artificial intelligence areleaving their mark on the industry.

Almost all raw materials for the Singaporean food processing industry are imported, as local agricultural production is minimal. Total industry output value in 2018 was almost $8 billion USD. The main products produced by the Singaporean food processing industry include flavorings, sauces, ready-to-eat meals, noodles, deli meat, sausage, confectionary, chocolates, snacks and beverages (including beer). Top prospective U.S. food processing ingredient products for the Singaporean market include beef, dairy products, fresh fruit, processed vegetables and vegetable oils.

A document showing the trands of the hotel industry in Singapore how the market fares to the accomodation provided

This dataset showcases information on the stock of construction materials, specifically data for concrete and steel in Singapore from 2010 to 2016. The dataset records annual values for each year within the specified timeframe.

A volume of more than 298 thousand metric tons of steel was estimated to be produced in Singapore in the first half of 2018. The steel demand in Singapore has been unstable over the past few years, due to uncertainties in the construction market.

The problem of biodiversity loss, as presented in the report, is one of a "tragedy of the commons" playing out on a global scale. But despite the gravity of the situation, the report's authors insist it is not too late to act.

In the past decade, Singapore has experienced an increase in the amount of waste generated that will pose significant challenges to current management strategies and capacities. Between 1970 and 2017, the amount of solid waste that Singapore disposed of increased seven-fold.1 In a country confronted by land scarcity, there is concern that its designated landfill, Semakau Landfill, will reach full capacity by 20352 if the amount of waste continues to grow at the same rate

Technology innovations are key to enhance food security in Singapore. These may include new ways to monitor food supply chain and enhance food fraud traceability (blockchain and artificial intelligence), integrated system for urban farming (sensor for real time monitoring of farming conditions), technology-driven food waste management (zero waste food processing), new ways to measure gut microbiome as indicator of food nutrition (non-invasive measurement of gut microbiome functionality), and platform technology to develop alternative and unconventional food sources (insects and microalgae). Extreme weather conditions (severe flooding and/or long lasting droughts) on agriculture have caused damageto production of food crops. Incidences of sudden increase in food price seen in 2008 would also affect the stability of food import. As such, Singapore is particularly vulnerable in terms of food security, as we rely heavily on food import for local consumption. Land allocated to agriculture in Singapore has been reduced over the years as a result of our rapid industrialisation and urbanisation, from approximately 25% in the 1960s’ to less than 1% at this point in time. More than 90% of food for local consumption has been imported in recent years

The Singapore agrifood ecosystem is fast changing from one focused primarily on food security to one which also addresses a new economic sub-sector for export of processed food and “disruptive technologies”. Recently there has been a marked convergence of various technologies including FoodTech, AgTech, FinTech and MedTech. In 2019, exciting initiatives were announced which included the development of a new 18 ha AgriFood Innovation Park (AFIP), a new food security strategy of 30% food self-sufficiency by 2030, the launch of the Enterprise Singapore backed Seeds Capital investment for several new AgriFoodTech Accelerators and the launch of the new Singapore Food Agency (SFA) under the Ministry of Environment and Water Resources (MEWR). All these have come at a time when there is an increasing number of new startups and commercial enterprises engaged in farming and food processing, including indoor plant factories growing a range of fruit and vegetables and land-based fish farms. How do all these developments compare with similar ecosystems in successful agrifood countries like the Netherlands?

Singapore is a small island country with limited land for agricultural purposes and restricted sea waters available for fish farming. However, the ornamental fish industry of Singapore is quite unique and successful, being the world No. 1 exporter of ornamental fish, selling over 1 000 fish species to over 80 countries and generating an annual revenue of USD 43 million in 2016. Its success is mainly thanks to its specific capabilities in licensing, biosecurity controls, culturing, packing, transporting and disease control. Efforts are being made to breed and domesticate many of the high-value marine species and new freshwater species and to develop novel reciculating culture systems. Upstream research has focused on developing and using genomic tools to breed new varieties and to maintain genetic diversity in the wild. However, due to limited space for culturing fish and strong competitions from neighbouring countries, Singapore’s ornamental fish industry is facing many challenges, and its market share is reducing. In this review, we will summarize the status and development of Singapore’s ornamental fish industry, discuss its challenges and make some suggestions for maintaining the leading position of the industry.

Cities are responding to their growing transportation demands in different ways. We interviewed city dwellers in two cities, Singapore and London, with highly developed transport infrastructure to understand individual transport decisions and experiences in the context of two different city cultures that support distinct transport policies. Compared to London, cars and other private transport are valued and priced beyond the reach of most in Singapore. Seventeen adults from London and sixteen from Singapore were interviewed and presented with an overview of the other city's transportation system to elicit their opinions on the differences and whether an alternate system could be applied in their city. Differences were observed in perceptions of, and beliefs concerning, private transport. In Singapore, cars served more than utilitarian purposes and were viewed as socially desirable status and success symbols. In London, car ownership and usage were viewed as a necessity due to a perceived lack of accessible, alternative transport. Both samples valued accessibility, affordability and comfort in relation to transport mode choice. There was also general acknowledgement and support for managing the car population and use in both cities, though how it should be done remains highly context-specific. Our findings suggest that public engagement and effective communication are important components when interventions and policies are introduced to better manage the car population and use in cities.

To analyze and promote resource efficiency in urban areas, it is important to characterize urban metabolism and particularly, material flows. Material flow analysis (MFA) offers a means to capture the dynamism of cities and their activities. Urban‐scale MFAs have been conducted in many cities, usually employing variants of the Eurostat methodology. However, current methodologies generally reduce the study area into a “black box,” masking details of the complex processes within the city's metabolism. Therefore, besides the aggregated stocks and flows of materials, the movement of materials—often embedded in goods or commodities—should also be highlighted. Understanding the movement and dispersion of goods and commodities can allow for more detailed analysis of material flows. We highlight the potential benefits of using high‐resolution urban commodity flows in the context of understanding material resource use and opportunities for conservation. Through the use of geographic information systems and visualizations, we analyze two spatially explicit datasets: (1) commodity flow data in the United States, and (2) Global Positioning System‐based commercial vehicle (truck) driver activity data in Singapore. In the age of “big data,” we bring advancements in freight data collection to the field of urban metabolism, uncovering the secondary sourcing of materials that would otherwise have been masked in typical MFA studies. This brings us closer to a consumption‐based, finer‐resolution approach to MFA, which more effectively captures human activities and its impact on urban environments.

This statistic shows the value of agricultural production in Singapore from 2006 to 2017. In 2006, the value of agricultural production in Singapore was 46.1 million Singapore dollars. In 2017, this value was 35.1 million Singapore dollars.

Using a mix of classic and new visualisation libraries like Plotly Express, I try to discover the patterns behind 36.5 years of weather data from the Southeast Asian city state.

With an area of about 710 km2 and growing urban areas, Singapore lacks the space to collect and store all the rain that falls on it. Through a network of rivers, canals and drains, rain that falls on two-thirds of Singapore's land area is channelled to our 17 reservoirs.

The study of household budgets is related to an extensive field of research on human needs and social inclusion. In this study, we conducted focus group discussions to ascertain how ordinary Singaporeans think about what constitutes basic needs in Singapore today, and to determine the household budgets necessary to meet these needs.

Singapore is heating up twice as fast as the rest of the world – with maximum daily temperatures predicted to reach 35-37 degrees Celsius by year 2100. As the world gears up to slash global emissions after the alarming report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in October 2018, we explore how, beyond climate change, the urban heat island effect spells trouble for future Singapore.

Cement is arguably one of the most important construction materials that has been available to multiple variations of human civilization. In Singapore, the cement industry has been around longer than the nation-state has had independence. Companies such has Singapore Cement Manufacturing have a history which dates to 1958, the year after Malaysia was officially recognized as an independent nation. There are no integrated cement plants in Singapore, just a 300,000t/yr capacity grinding plant in Tuas Crescent.

The outlook for the global furniture industry is promising, with a projected CAGR of close to 5% over the next three years1. The growth will be driven by the burgeoning Asian middle class as Asian economies will account for 50% of global GDP growth by 2025. With Singapore's stature as a UNESCO Creative City of Design and its international cosmopolitan urban landscape, the local furniture industry is uniquely positioned to capture the growing demand for urban living solutions, especially in Asia. This requires moving into lifestyle, creating compelling customer-centric brands and solutions, and inclusive collaborations within and beyond the industry.

This portal site with a tree distribution map by national parks and , Trees.sg, dedicated to trees in Singapore has a record of 500,000 trees and was billed as the most extensive tree map in Asia.

t was developed in close partnership with the industry, trade associations and chambers (TACs), institutes of higher learning (IHLs) and unions after extensive consultation. Through this initiative, we hope to transform the construction sector into one that adopts technologies to make the sector more advanced and integrated. Our aim is to train a total of 80,000 professionals specialising in three key areas identified for this transformation. The three key areas are: Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DfMA); Green buildings; and Integrated Digital Delivery (IDD)

Looking at how plstics are going from producer to consumer hence putting strain on waste management and the environment

In the fourth quarter of 2018, the economy grew by 1.9 per cent on a year-on-year basis, easing from the 2.4 per cent growth in the previous quarter. The sectors which contributed the most to growth in the quarter were the manufacturing and finance & insurance sectors. For the whole of 2018, the economy expanded by 3.2 per cent, a moderation from the 3.9 per cent growth in 2017. The main contributors to GDP growth for the year were the manufacturing, wholesale & retail trade and finance & insurance sectors.

According to the report analysis, ‘Clothing & Footwear Retailing In Singapore, Market Shares, Summary And Forecasts To 2022’ states that some of the major companies which are currently functioning in this sector more actively for enhancing the quality and demand of the product which includes UNIQLO, qoo10, Takashimaya, OG, Tangs, DFS, H&M, Isetan, Bhg, Zara and several others. The clothing and footwear retailing market is split in Singapore on the basis of demand and the utilization of the product which includes apparel, accessories, menswear, womenswear, children wear, footwear, men’s footwear, children’s footwear, and women’s footwear. Furthermore, the Singapore retail market is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 3.0% during the period 2017-2022. Retail clothing sector to encounter growth by an increase in the tourism and rise in wages. The rise in tourists and improvement in economy operated the segment sales in the recent past years.

Energy storage is picking up pace as renewables did a decade ago. It is perhaps the crucial missing piece of the puzzle to bring about greater penetration of renewable energy and accelerate the smooth global transition to clean energy

eport is about to introduce Food and Beverage Company from Singapore into Vietnam market and brief explanation leading companies in Singapore which are Fraser and Neave Ltd (F&N), Asia Pacific Breweries (APB), Singapore Food Industries (SFI). Besides that, to understand the market in Vietnam by providing all information on this report such as industry development, investments, political environment, government regulation, commercial law, transportation, distribution and trade restrictions. In addition, this report will give the reason why Singapore thinks Vietnam has strong export market potential.

New alternative green buffers configuration • More allowable structures within green buffers and peripheral planting verges • New alternative planting area configuration for open air parking area at street level • New alternative surface treatment for parking lots Clarification to specifications for trees, palms, shrubs and turf • Revision to tree staking requirement

The electronics industry’s boom has fuelled Asia’s growth since the start of the century, with factories in the region churning out powerful new devices and exporting them across more open borders. Today, a new generation of digital technologies are keeping Asia’s electronics manufacturers and innovators busy as they work .Home to the world’s largest electronics manufacturing base, Asia is in a good position to capitalise on the industry’s evolving landscape

It looks at Singapore infrastructure in terms of funding, research and development in the broader context of green infrastructure

The annual fresh-fish consumption of Singapore is estimated at 65 000 tons, of which more than 75 percent is imported. Table 1 shows Singapore's fresh-fish supply from various sources for the past ten years. It can be seen that in 1974" aquaculture production of 680 tons (600 tons from freshwater carp ponds and 80 tons from prawn trapping brackishwater impoundments) represents about 1 percent of the total supply. In spite of efforts to develop capture fisheries, local fish landings have been static since 1966, while inshore fishery production has been steadily on the decline from 4 340 tons in 1965 to 2 650 tons in 1971, a drop of almost 40 percent. The slight increase in inshore production in 1972-74 was probably due to increase in illegal trawl fishing in coastal waters. Singapore is an island state with an area of 584 km2 and a population of 2.2 million. During the past five years the annual rate of population increase averaged 1.7 percent. The per caput consumption of fresh fish is about 30 kg/year. Assuming that the rate of population increase and per caput consumption will remain at 1.7 percent and 30 kg/year respectively, the projected demand for fresh fish in 1985 would be 80 130 tons for an estimated population of 2.671 million.

In 2015, the Water Resources Institute (WRI) ranked Singapore as one of the most water-stressed countries in the world. It thinks that, by 2040, Singapore would be one of eight countries in the world most vulnerable to disruptions in water supply. Water planners in PUB are not in the least surprised by the WRI’s conclusion, although I suspect that even a reasonably wellinformed Singaporean would find it incredible. Because the notion that our water taps could run dry is just inconceivable to most Singaporeans alive today.

Develop an appreciation of Singapore’s waste management strategies, Understand the plastic waste situation in Singapore, Explore possible R&D scope that can address the local challenges in relation to plastic waste management

The SFIC 2021 Roadmap’s Growth Asia pillar aims to further strengthen our industry presence in Asia by helping local companies expand beyond Singapore, with China being the primary focus. To support local companies on regional market expansion, SFIC also organise trade missions that enable participating companies to experience market dynamics and consumer trends first-hand while exploring potential partnerships in the targeted overseas markets.

Locations of the finest bars, clubs & restaurants in SINGAPORE as featured on asia-bars.com – with links to the review articles for each venue

This year marks the fourth time GBR is researching the island state’s integrated chemicals ecosystem, and this preliminary study includes insights from the government, key associations, MNCs and local SMEs. Our final research will be most pressing on issues of today, from the need for sustainable nutrition and wellness, to lower emission vehicles, all eyes are on the chemical industry. Manufacturers are finding themselves in a position of having to adapt to increasingly sophisticated consumer demands or surrendering market share.

Singapore is a small island-state in Southeast Asia, located along the Strait of Malacca between Malaysia and Indonesia. It is the most urbanised and industrialised country in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), with a per capita gross domestic product (GDP) of $52,200 (in constant 2010 US$) in 2015. Singapore submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change on 3 July 2015 (NCCS, 2015) and has signed off to the Paris Agreement as of 22 April 2016 (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2016). Singapore’s INDC highlights its intentions to reduce its emissions intensity by 36% from 2005 levels by 2030. In addition to emissions intensity targets, Singapore also intends to stabilise emissions with the aim of peaking around 2030. Under the Copenhagen Accord, Singapore also has a voluntary target of reducing carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions by 7%– 11% below Business-As-Usual (BAU) scenario levels in 2020 (NCCS, 2012), which will be increased to 16% if there is a global agreement on climate change.

Indicators: Access to electricity, Adjusted savings, CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption, CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption, Energy intensity level of primary energy, Energy related methane emissions, Fuel exports, Fuel imports, Methane emissions in energy sector, Mineral rents, Natural gas rents, Nitrous oxide emissions in energy sector, Oil rents, Ores and metals exports, Ores and metals imports, Pump price for diesel fuel, Pump price for gasoline, Renewable energy consumption, Time required to get electricity, Total natural resources rents

Competition in the retail sector is intensifying across both the online and offline platforms. E-commerce players continue to ramp up efforts to draw tech-savvy consumers while landlords and retailers reinvent brick-and-mortars shops with new retail formats and concepts to draw footfall. Notwithstanding, the high operating costs in Singapore and fastchanging consumer preferences continue to weigh on the retail market. Island-wide prime retail rents

The Singapore’s retail sector is highly developed and competitive, total sales in 2017 were US$6.2 billion, annual growth of 1%. The four major categories of retailers are: (1) large retailers including supermarkets and hypermarkets; (2) convenience retailers; (3) traditional stores and (4) specialty stores. The sector is dominated by three key players: the NTUC FairPrice Cooperative, Dairy Farm International Holdings and Sheng Siong Supermarket.

Singapore's Integrated. Land Use Planning Experience.

The document looks at designed policies with longterm sustainability in mind. We integrated nature into our Garden City and prudently managed scarce resources such as water and energy. We made education, including preschool education, accessible and affordable to give every child a strong start in life. We constantly review healthcare policies and subsidies to support our ageing population. Today, all Singaporeans, rich or poor, young or old, enjoy clean air, water and sanitation, quality healthcare and education, as well as lush greenery and safe common spaces because of these policies.

Singapore's national water agency. Small percentage added to raw water reservoirs; NEWater can meet 30% of Singapore's current water supply

The climate influences many aspects of our lives. How today’s climate compares with historical records and how it is changing is a topic of interest for many stakeholders. The Annual Climate Assessment Report provides updates on the climate trends over Singapore and, describes the key climatic features as well as the notable weather events that have affected Singapore during the year. It provides the information needed to understand the state of the current climate of Singapore and place it within a historical perspective.

Functional foods, being one of the major food categories of the global health and wellness market, are becoming a major focus of new product development (NPD) in the food industry. The development of functional foods is more complex than traditional food New Product Development (NPD), calling for a concerted effort from researchers and NPD experts to explore and understand the functional food product development (FFPD) process in more detail. The current research in this field has reported that there is a need to evolve from a traditional NPD approach, towards an integrative and innovative approach involving cooperative networks and techniques of commercialization. However, there is little practical evidence on how much progress has been made to date. Therefore, this research was designed to investigate the food product innovation process of food manufacturing in the Asia-Pacific region (Singapore) with reference to functional foods development.

Debates about industrial policy reveal disagreements on three salient issues. The first is whether government can overcome its own failures, namely knowledge constraints and rent-seeking, to correct market failures. The second is whether government should go beyond horizontal policies to adopt more activist interventions such as “winner-picking.” The third is whether intervention should follow or defy the country's comparative advantage. Singapore's experience in developing a globally competitive petrochemicals industry, within only a few decades and through vigorous interventions, provides meaningful insights into these debates and offers valuable lessons for developing countries. The lessons drawn from this paper suggest three fundamental principles for designing a promotion strategy and a strategic action framework for implementation.

Imperative to policy innovate and leverage on technology to address challenges on transport becaus of growing population and a less space to use to improve the trnsport growth

Statistics on household expenditure are compiled by the Singapore Department of Statistics based on data collected from the quinqennial Household Expenditure Survey. Key findings are presented in the Report on the Household Expenditure Survey.

Manufacturing and services are the twin engines of growth in the Singapore economy. Although they share a close, inter-dependent relationship, the development of services globally has historically depended more on the growth of the manufacturing sector than vice versa. This study examines whether the asymmetric dependencies between manufacturing and services hold in Singapore, and how this relationship has evolved over time.

The Household Expenditure Survey (HES) collects detailed information on the latest consumption expenditure of resident households in Singapore. Conducted once in five years since 1972/73, the HES also obtains households’ demographic and socio-economic characteristics and ownership of consumer durables. Results of the survey are used for expenditure and income studies as well as to update the weighting pattern and the basket of goods and services for the compilation of the Consumer Price Index (CPI).

Phosphorus is a resource that is utilized with efficiency in most parts of the world. Farmers fertilize with increasing precision; wastewater treatment plants strip phosphorus from sewage; and industries make use of phosphorus byproducts. Why, then, do incidents of eutrophication and harmful algal blooms related to excessive phosphorus outflows continue to intensify? Incremental improvements in phosphorus use efficiency and monitoring of individual phosphorus waste streams no longer seem sufficient to dampen these environmental impacts. A radical shift in perspective is needed, one in which phosphorus is treated as a resource rather than as waste. Using substance flow analysis, we explore various types of phosphorus management scenarios for a specific system, for the urban city-state of Singapore. These scenarios are jointly framed with the urban planning agency of Singapore and takes into consideration both behavioral and infrastructural changes to the status quo. These scenarios include strategies and technologies such as composting, separated incineration of organic and non-organic waste, anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and wastewater, and dedicated anaerobic digestion of food waste and wastewater. Publicly available UN Comtrade data is used to establish temporal trends in phosphorus consumption between 1989 and 2012. Phosphorus waste outputs are verified via empirically collected data on household and commercial waste generation. The results of this paper demonstrate how the transition from a linear to a closed-loop phosphorus cycle might be possible for Singapore, an island that is an important test bed for planning the sustainable metabolism of future urban areas.

Indicative polygon of the waterbody area.

Singaporeans love seafood, not to mention a fair share of 16.4 million visitors in 2016 who together rang up sales valued US$1.07 billion for imports. The U.S. share was 1.8% or US$20 million. American lobsters, oysters, cod and sword fish, sock-eye salmon, scallops, mussels and clams are popular and offer the best potential. There could be opportunities to supply U.S. fish such as Alaskan Pollack, to manufacturers of high quality fish balls, surimi and other processed seafood products. It’s also worth looking into the feasibility of developing a market for other types of U.S. seafood such as various carps, Dogfish, Ocean Perch, Sheepshead, Bigmouth Buffalo, Skate and Ocean P

The coal producers under our coverage are expected to grow their production by 60% in FY17. This is much faster than their listed peers in Indonesia, whose production is set to grow by 8%. In addition to the accelerated growth, the valuations in Singapore are cheaper on a P/E and EV/reserve basis.

The whole world is in a fuel crisis nearly approaching exhaustion, with climate change knocking at our doorsteps. In the fight against global warming, one of the principle components that demands technocratic attention is Transportation, not just as a significant contributor to atmospheric emissions but from a much broader perspective of environmental sustainability. From the traditional technocratic aspect of transport planning, our epiphany comes in the form of Land Use integrated sustainable transport policy in which Singapore has been a pioneer, and has led the way for both developed and developing nations in terms of mobility management. We intend to investigate Singapore’s Transport policy timeline delving into the past, present and future, with a case by case analysis for varying dimensions in the present scenario through selective benchmarking against contemporary cities like Hong Kong, London and New York. The discussions will include themes of modal split, land use policy, vehicular ownership, emission policy, parking policy, safety and road traffic management to name a few. A visualization of Singapore’s future in transportation particularly from the perspective of automated vehicles in conjunction with last mile solutions is also detailed.

The industries are classified according to Singapore Standard Industrial Classification (SSIC) 2015

This paper discusses the trade policies and practices of Singapore based on the latest WTO trade policy review. Though Singapore's trade policies have been effective and contributing to its remarkable economic performance, it also faces problems and new challenges in the modern globalisation era. Reviewing Singapore's policies also provides guidance for other small open economies.

With growing popularity of self-storage space among endusers, new entrants are seeking to venture into the growing market. To date, there are about 27 self-storage operators with more than 80 facilities in Singapore from an estimated eight operators five years ago. Six of the existing operators are identified as major operators1 with Lock + Store Self Storage (Lock + Store) having the most facilities under its operation. With the expanding supply and evolving needs, understanding the demand changes of the self-storage industry becomes ever more essential for existing and potential industry players

It reflects the severe dependency that once faced the young nation when survival was of prime importance. Through long-term planning, sheer hard work and innovation, we have transcended into an era where the value of water in enhancing urban environments is recognised. Today, Singapore is on its way to develop itself into a City of Gardens and Water. The Active, Beautiful, Clean Waters Programme is one initiative that has been designed with a strong focus on public engagement and bringing people closer to water. Singapore has already achieved the establishment of a robust drainage network through meticulous planning and investments in research and technology over the last 50 years. Meanwhile, people have also become more appreciative of their natural environment which is now intimately linked to their daily lives, be it a morning jog in the park or a picnic by the lake. Such a harmony of nature and community is the best way to ensure the sustainability of our city

Agricultural land refers to the share of land area that is arable, under permanent crops, and under permanent pastures. Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. Land under permanent crops is land cultivated with crops that occupy the land for long periods and need not be replanted after each harvest, such as cocoa, coffee, and rubber. This category includes land under flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees, and vines, but excludes land under trees grown for wood or timber. Permanent pasture is land used for five or more years for forage, including natural and cultivated crops.

Off peak cars include weekend cars and revised off peak cars which was implemented on 25 Jan 2010. LGV (max laden weight 16mt). Tax exempted vehicles include vehicles registered with exemption of road tax payment, vehicles for off-the-road use and engineering plants, School Bus (CB): School Bus with "CB" suffix registration numbers.

The study was initiated by the Singapore Contractors Association (SCAL) and Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry (SCCCI). The theme of the study was “effective measurement of construction productivity in Singapore”. The aim was to find and recommend ways to help the industry to improve productivity and enable the government to devise better policies and programmes. The scope was to understand factors underlying construction productivity in Singapore; ascertain how agencies and construction firms measure it; and explore the best way of measurement that would help the government to draw up policies to enable firms to improve their productivity performance. The study also considers current measures by government and industry, makes international comparisons and studies what more can be done.

Malaysia and Singapore are among the key players in the ASEAN region Halal industry. Malaysia’s success of halal industry is based on its status as a Muslim majority country while Singapore is due to it’s tourism and business location, stringent food safety laws and recognised Halal standards. Although Singapore halal industry is started relatively late compared to the Malaysia but in some matters Singapore looks ahead. Thus, this article aims to study the contributions of both countries in the development of halal industry in the Asean region. A semi strucured interview has been conducted with Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia (JAKIM), Halal Industry Development Corporation (HDC) of Malaysia as well as Islamic Religious Council of Singapore or Majlis Ugama Islam Singapore (MUIS) in order to gather the required information. The research shown that both Malaysia and Singapore had significantly contributed to the development of halal industry in the Asean region. Eventhough Singapore is only consist of 15% of Muslim population but there is a demand for Halal food products in Singapore. In fact Singapore’s halal mark and standard has been globally organised by MABIM and GCC. Whereas Malaysia being the pioneer of this halal industry is keep growing rapidly and now expanding the area of halal industry not only in halal food but including halal tourism, halal healthcare, halal cosmetics and fashion. This research is significant in highlighthing certain best conducts and practices of Malaysia and Singapore in order to become a future global halal hub.

Weather conditions have considerable influence on cycling travel behavior, especially in tropical countries such as Singapore, which has a hot, humid, and rainy climate. This study examined the effects of weather conditions and weather forecasts on cycling travel behavior in Singapore. Cyclists (n = 553) answered a questionnaire on their perceptions of weather conditions, travel accident risk, pre-trip and during-trip acquisition of weather information, possible travel plan changes, trip duration, trip purpose, trip frequency, and respondents' social demography. The questionnaires were administrated directly on sites around mass rapid transit (MRT) stations and bike parking areas during daylight hours (08:00–18:00 h) and in dry as well as wet weather conditions. Concurrently, real-time weather information from the nearest weather measurement station and weather forecast information were collected from a smart phone application furnished by the National Environment Agency. Cyclists were found to prefer relatively lower temperature (29.5–31.5°C) and humidity (52.3%–62.7%) and no rainfall (in past 60 min). Higher temperature (>30.9°C), humidity (>55.8%), and rainfall (>0.28 mm in past 60 min) tended to elevate cyclists' self-estimated level of traffic accident risk. Nearly 30% of participating cyclists checked the weather forecast information before the onset of the trip, in which internet, radio, and smart phone applications were the main media sources. Social/leisure trip was the main purpose for cyclists during wet weather. Irregular trips were clearly underrepresented during wet weather conditions, suggesting that some trips were postponed or cancelled. Cyclists with before-trip information of wet weather forecast were more likely to change their travel mode, but such influence was weaker for adverse weather forecast acquired during the trip. Research results suggested that the authorities could provide real-time and predicted weather information, especially during wet weather conditions, to help travelers adjust their travel plan in time and improve the level of travel safety.

The Food & Beverage Services Index (FSI) measures the short-term performance of food & beverage (F&B) services industries based on the sales records of F&B services establishments. The FSI is presented at both current prices and constant prices. The indices at current prices measure the changes of sales values which can result from changes in both price and quantity. By removing the price effect, the indices at constant prices measure the changes in the volume of economic activity.

To compute the number of livestock slaughtered by the local slaughterhouses.

Tropical forested ecosystems provide multiple ecosystem services to rural and urban landscapes, with carbon storage gaining particular attention. Deforestation due to rural-urban transitions may lead to a reduction in carbon storage ability. Coastal mangrove forests are particularly at risk from deforestation due to their location in the rapidly urbanizing coastal zone, and the city state of Singapore is an extreme example, losing as much as 90 % of its original mangrove cover due to land reclamation and reservoir construction. Knowledge of mangrove ecosystem services may allow better conservation, restoration and incorporation of remaining mangrove patches into the urban landscape. Focusing on the regulating ecosystem service of carbon storage, mangrove carbon stocks have been estimated for Singapore using a combination of field and remote sensing techniques. Biomass carbon showed substantial spatial variation, with old, contiguous mangrove patches containing a higher density of biomass carbon than fragmented, river-fringing or restored mangroves. In total, national biomass carbon equated to 116,117.1 megagrams of carbon (Mg C), and a coarse estimate of the total carbon stock (including soil carbon) suggests that Singapore’s mangroves may store 450,571.7 Mg C. While lower than other regional estimates focused on natural, oceanic mangroves, this is a significant carbon stock for a disturbed, urban mangrove system, and may be equivalent to the average annual carbon emissions of 621,000 residents. This analysis, alongside a review of other urban forest studies, highlights the importance of forested ecosystems such as mangroves in providing a carbon storage ecosystem service to urban areas.

The International Renewable Energy Agency’s (IRENA) REmap programme assesses the deployment potential, costs and benefits of renewable technologies at a sector level beyond national targets and plans of countries. In this context, IRENA and the ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) conducted a joint study Renewable Energy Roadmap Outlook for ASEAN – a REmap analysis by applying IRENA’s REmap analytical methodology and tools at a country and regional level.

alue added in manufacturing is the sum of gross output less the value of intermediate inputs used in production for industries classified in ISIC major division 3. Machinery and transport equipment comprise ISIC groups 382-84.

The monthly mean air temperature recorded at the Changi Climate Station

in recent years, Singapore hae seen a decline in the amount of land for farming which, threatens the viability of our farming industry. hence some pioneer farmers have managed to develop successful and economically viable farming ventures in the very challenging environment for farming in Singapore

This Chapter applies to measures adopted or maintained by a Party, including administrative, judicial, and enforcement actions by a Party, and to cooperation between the Parties, relating to trade in textile and apparel goods.

Singapore does not have a clean water source because geographically Singapore is surrounded by beaches. This research will focus on how is the water governance in Singapore can achieve sustainable water security. Furthermore, to elaborate data, this research uses qualitative method with descriptive analysis approach. The result of research shows that to overcome the water crisis problem, the governments of Singapore take steps that are very creative and innovative to manage water independently with the goal to achieve water self-sufficiency and water security. Through the Public Utilities Board (PUB) program, Singapore's government cans fulfill the water needs for the people. Singapore implemented water governance by designing a comprehensive water management strategy which consisting from the protection and expansion of its water sources, reclamation of wastewater, desalination, demand management, and public education and awareness programs. Holistic approach to water governance has allowed Singapore to achieve sustainable water self-sufficiency and water security which is one of the best examples for innovative water management in the world.

Singapore has four sources of water: local catchment, imported, Newater and desalinated water. Local catchment water involves collecting rainwater on a large scale. With the addition of the Punggol and Serangoon Reservoirs in 2011, Singapore now has a catchment area that spans two-thirds of the land surface. A catchment refers to the area from which rainfall flows into a reservoir, through a network of drains, canals, rivers and stormwater collection ponds.

firms which are found purchasing wood, paper or pulp products from companies suspected to be involved in the haze pollution are bound by the declaration to inform SEC. They will then be removed from the list.

An overview of the Singapore food manufacturing industry, The 7 strengths of the Singapore food manufacturing industry, The impact of AEC 2015, Some of the benefits for Singapore food manufacturing industry and Some of the benefits for AEC and member countries•

The objective of this study is the analysis and derivation of the spatial rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency curve (IDF) relationship patterns in Singapore. The Rainfall-Intensity-Duration-Frequency curve (IDF curve) is one of the commonly utilized tools in the field of Water Resource Engineering. The IDF curve represents in graphical form the probability of occurrence of a given rainfall intensity. It is used to estimate the return period of a rainfall event or rainfall amount.

he main bulk of local food fish production comes from coastal farming in floating netcages along the northern coast of Singapore. Popular species of marine food fish cultured include seabass, pompano, groupers, mullets and milkfish. There are also a few land-based fish farms culturing species like tilapia, marble goby and snakehead. The ornamental fish farming industry is concentrated mainly in Agrotechnology Parks and there are about 75 fish farms producing ornamental fishes with an approximate value of $76.7 million that is exported to over 80 countries.

Data reflect the gross generation in the system

This publication is for reference only. Graphs and charts are based on data sources consulted for this publication. Additional data sources may exist that are not represented. In some cases, data sets may not be complete. ESCAP cannot confirm methodologies of third-party data sources. Data is not available for all countries for all indicators. Due to data limitations, only selected countries are used in several of the statistical representations. Due to the numerous sources used, the year of the latest data available varies. Data presented in map formats are provided as illustrative charts. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontier or boundaries.

Dataset looking at trees in Singapore mainly heritage ones

Along with the rapid urbanization and population growth during past decades, the social and environmental impacts caused by municipal solid waste (MSW) have been paid increasing attention. How to collect and dispose the booming amounts of MSW turned to be a hot topic. Due to its advantages of cost-efficiency and environmental concerns, the incineration is replacing the direct landfilling for dealing with the MSW worldwide. Under the consideration of the limited number of incineration plants and the complicated situation of transportation in both spatial and temporal dimensions around different cities, how to effectively and efficiently allocate the incineration resources for different areas in different cities turns to be a very meaningful topic, especially in the high population density areas (e.g. Singapore). In this research, the current MSW collection and disposal in Singapore is reviewed, especially the problematic allocation of incineration resources, and a spatial allocation model is also proposed, and successfully implemented within the context of Singapore. On the other hand, few limitations of this study are also discussed, some of which will also be the research directions in the future.

An independent oil storage terminal (Fig. 11.10) was constructed on Singapore’s Jurong Island. The island is a human-made, formed by reclamation over several small islands. At the completion of the terminal, it was one of the world’s largest and Asia’s biggest independent oil storage facility. It initially consisted of 73 tanks with diameters ranging from 13.6–78.6 m and height from 15–22.3 m. A total of 34 tanks were built with floating roofs, while the remainder were built with fixed roofs. After about five years of operation, the facility was expanded with an additional tank farm consisting of 5 tanks with diameter of 18–25 m and height of 31.3 m.

total monthly rainfall recorded at the Changi Climate Station.

Looking at the progression and regression at various economic activities in Singapore that have led to where the country is from the past to present and into the future. It also looks at othee pertinent issues like technology and climate how they aid in the economic growth of Singapore

The Singapore Supply, Use and Input-Output tables provide a comprehensive and integrated framework for the derivation and reconciliation of key national accounts aggregates. They contain detailed information on the intricate relationships among the various economic sectors and are used for a variety of purposes such as cross-validating data from various sources, impact studies, policy formulation and evaluation. With the release of the 2015 tables, Singapore Department of Statistics (DOS) has completed 14 Supply, Use and Input-Output tables for Singapore. This publication discusses the basic structure, methodology and findings of these tables, including the applications of Input-Output tables. Annexes explaining the theoretical basis and derivation of the various Input-Output models and applications are also included

Although the focus of this study is the aftermarket automotive parts industry rather than automobiles, demand and supply conditions for automotive parts are influenced by certain features of Singapore’s automobile industry. Compared to other countries in the region, Singapore’s car population is relatively young, mainly due to the Certificate of Entitlement (COE) scheme. This reduces the demand for parts as newer cars are less likely to break down and car owners are less willing to undertake costly maintenance procedures towards the end of a vehicle’s COE life. Over 90 per cent of vehicles in Singapore are sold through authorised dealers, which typically have an exclusive licence with the manufacturer to import and sell vehicles of a given brand. These cars are sold with warranty packages ranging from 3 to 5 years

Carbon dioxide emission is an important parameter for indication of environmental impact of an industrial process. For a process that has known product capacity or revenue information, an Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIO-LCA) model can be applied to estimate the carbon dioxide emission. Due to the difficulty in obtaining such information for many industries, a simple linear correlation was developed using data obtained from applying EIO-LCA model on certain known processes in conjunction with the land area information obtained by ArcGIS, a geographic information software program. Jurong Island, an industrial park housing more than 100 companies in Singapore is chosen as the case study site. Carbon dioxide emission from different industrial sectors in Jurong Island were also compared.

ISRIC has created a centralized and focused database to improve a growing need of information on world soil in various regions. The World Soil Information Service datasets will serve quality assessed and authorized data. This information will help in addressing pressing challenges such as land degradation, water scarcity, climate change and food security including construction and agriculture

The empirical paper studies the relationship between property value and hedonic attributes. To identify the determinant characteristics the influent the private real estate price, their degrees of significance and help with the valuation procedure, 8870 private residential property transactions with caveats lodged across the country are selected from Urban Redevelopment Authority of Singapore. 40 models are tested and RMSE, R-Square, Adjusted R-Square, F-Value tests are performed to discover the overall fitness of the models. Breusch-Pagan F-Test is performed to test the existence of heteroskedasticity and VIF test to check multicollinearity. Z score is performed to check the spatial autocorrelation. Three founding are discovered. Firstly, size, age, floor level, population density level, latitude and construction status are core attributes resulting from the regression. Secondly, new district zones classified by functions are detected instead of 28 administrative districts. Thirdly, government policies and local customs (Feng Shui) are proven to be determinant variables as well. Two suggestions are given to regulate the market at the end of this article.

A power point presentation about the Singapore economy which looks at various economic facts about the country such as GDP per capita, investment funds, imports and exports, financial center and international banks that facilitate in the functioning of the City's economy, which is regarded to be one of the best in the world.

Transformation of the electronic industry in Singapore where its shifting from systems manufacturing ti highvalue componnts manufacturing by so doing attracting investments in that sector and other sectors

Singapore has transformed its economy into an energy trading hub within a few decades. Such transformation was made possible by a strong government drive, private sector participation, and its natural geographical location as one comparative advantage. Institutional effort was another key driver for the successful transformation. Being an energy trading hub, Singapore is able to help create one price prevail across the markets. As a trading hub, Singapore not only physically connects various markets but also makes the law of one price prevail in the markets thereby promoting energy market integration.

Indicative polygon of subzone boundary. Subzones are divisions within a planning area which are usually centred around a focal point such as neighbourhood centre or activity node. There can be more than 10 subzones within a Planning Area. The Master Plan 2014 is a forward looking guiding plan for Singapore's development in the medium term over the next 10 to 15 years and the planning boundaries may not coincide with existing developments for some areas. This is the version as published at URA website and OneMap.

It looks how transmissin is done and it should be done with non discrimnatory agenda. hence distribution of elecrcity in Singapore reaches everywhere

Land use classification is essential for urban planning. Urban land use types can be differentiated either by their physical characteristics (such as reflectivity and texture) or social functions. Remote sensing techniques have been recognized as a vital method for urban land use classification because of their ability to capture the physical characteristics

The subject for this thesis was proposed by our professor Leo van Grunsven. We were enthusiastic about doing research in Asia. The research subject is the evolution of the electrical and electronics industry of Batam and is part of a larger research project about the evolution of the E&E industry in Southeast Asia and the role that multinational corporations play regarding industrial upgrading. The evolution of subsidiaries of multinational corporations and their relation with the local environment of the host region fits well with subjects covered during the bachelor Human Geography and Planning, but especially during the master Economic Geography.

The chemical industry is a pillar of Singapore economic success. Investment and infrastructure has led to the emergency of Singapore in the chemical manufacturing sector and creation of an industrial island complex in the Jurong island

The petrochemical industry is the backbone of Singapore's economy and features worldclass refining, storage, and distribution infrastructure. Several elements have made the citystate an important oil trading and refining hub. Singapore is strategically located between the Indian and Pacific Oceans, allowing companies to have easy access to large regional markets. It has deep-water berths that can accommodate large Suezmax and Panamax oil tankers. Jurong Island, on the southern edge of Singapore, contains very large crude carrier (VLCC) anchors and transmission networks for LNG, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and petrochemicals

Existing literature related to evaluating the efficiency of the hotel industry, generally, uses different types of radial Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to compare the relative efficiency of different hotels in a location. This research note has adopted a different approach by treating years as decision making units (DMUs). This will allow policymakers to evaluate the relative efficiency of a hotel industry as a whole over a specified time period so that the effects of the occurrence of events on the efficiency of hotel industry can be evaluated. This study focuses on the efficiency of hotel industry in Singapore from 1995 to 2010. The analysis is carried out using the non-radial DEA called the Slacks-Based Measure (SBM) to identify the efficient years. Then the efficient DMUs are ranked with the SBM model of super-efficiency.

Singapore 2030 – 6.9 million populationThe National Population and Talent Division (NPTD) has outlined the roadmap for Singapore’s population policies in its Population White Paper: A Sustainable Population for a Dynamic Singapore (3mb .pdf). The stated aim is to build a sustainable population with a strong Singaporean core — that strengthens our social cohesion, while providing a good living environment for Singaporeans and maintaining our economic vitality. The paper made a recommendation to grow Singapore’s population to 6.9 million in 2030:

Singapore’s water and sewerage services have been developed to serve the country’s unique circumstances. This involves a series of long term interplays between the need for sustainable water management, appropriate water and wastewater services for a fully developed economy and water capture and management systems for self-sufficiency in a particularly water scarce area

To strive to full self-sufficiency in water, Singapore has invested heavily in desalination, wastewater reclamation (branded as NEWater), water catchment management and other similar projects. Among the many alternatives to augment Singapore's water supply, decision-makers need to know which one is the most sustainable plan to pursue. This research project aims to demonstrate the usefulness of System Dynamics (SD) as a decision support tool to help achieve sustainable water management in Singapore. We have developed a system dynamics model called SingaporeWater and analyzed the long-term impacts of various investment plans. We discovered that investing in underground water storage or surface water catchments alone is not sufficient to help achieve self-sufficiency in water. If Singapore starts to invest in desalination or NEWater only after there is inadequacy of water, then it will result in about five years of water shortage followed by another five years of water abundance. The results highlight the need to build water infrastructures well in advance in order to meet Singapore's future water demand.

This chapter aims at examining Singapore's capabilities in automotive supply chain. A thorough economic analysis of the automotive industry worldwide has been conducted in this study to identify the potential facilitating and inhibiting factors for automotive supply chain in future. Also, the study discusses the automotive supply chain in Asia Pacific region in detail and its impact on Singapore's automotive supply chain. Based on the analysis, the study presents several recommendations for Singapore's participation in automotive supply chain. Specifically, the results of this study suggest that Singapore can build its competence in manufacturing electronic components for automobiles as it is one of the leading semiconductor hubs in the world, a leading logistics port, and is well connected with countries all over the world

A study of current land use in Singapore shows that through effective long-term space planning, the island city-state has maintained an adequate stock of developable residential land to meet its most ambitious maximum population projections. Two indicators of residential land use efficiency are defined: Residential Land Use Footprint, [Lambda]r, measures the per-capita residential land requirement; Mean Residential Redevelopment Time, [Tau]r, defines the weighted average time for the government to redevelop a typical plot of residential land. A dynamic stock-and- ow model is described to calculate the historical residential land use footprint and mean residential redevelopment time between 1990 and 2011. Finding that the primary driver of residential land use footprint is the change in household occupant density, a System Dynamics model is developed to simulate the historical housing price, supply response, and occupant density. Using a stock management structure to modulate housing supply and commodity dynamics structures to determine housing prices, the calibrated model is used to forecast the behavior trends of several housing policy and population growth scenarios.

Some Concepts in Geology & Significance of Geology in Civil Engineering Recent Geological & Deep Rock Investigations Singapore & Adjacent Geology Geological Setting of Singapore Features of Singapore’s Geological Formations Description of Singapore’s Rocks & Soils for Civil Engineering Practice in Singapore Weathering Classification of Singapore’s Rocks for Civil Engineering Practice in Singapore

In the book, we find descriptions of weather phenomena, useful local climate statistics and explanations of the art and science of weather observation and prediction. This book will certainly be welcomed by the Singapore public who has been intrigued by reports of 'Sumatras', monsoon surges, El Nino, global warming, etc., and wishes to learn more about them"

Through progressive landscape and urban forestry policies over the past thirty years, Singapore has achieved its aim of becoming a 'green tropical city of excellence' and is a classic example of how environmental improvements have attracted both high technology industries and financial services to the city. The history of forest conservation and tree planting in Singapore is outlined. Urban forestry co-ordination between the main agencies is also described together with the choice of tree species used in the major planting schemes which give such character to the city.

The Singapore of today has an excellent water management system in place that ensures a robust and diversifi ed water supply through our Four National Taps, namely local catchment water, imported water, NEWater and desalinated water. However, our water journey has been all but smooth. Despite an abundant average rainfall of 2400mm/year, there were insuffi cient catchment areas to capture and store the rainwater in the 1970s.  e water shortage was exacerbated by the polluted waterways that rendered rain water fl owing in them unfi t for treatment for drinking purposes.  e open sewers, poor sanitation and seasonal fl oods further compounded the pollution problem. Th e Water Urban Systems Study succinctly captures how Singapore was able to turn its water constraints into a virtue, highlighting the three key principles that underpinned the eff orts of PUB, Singapore’s National Water Agency, in ensuring water sustainability– Collect every drop of rainwater, Collect every drop of used water, and Reuse every drop of water more than once.  ese principles have successfully been translated into results through the government’s fi nancial prudence, foresight to plan ahead, commitment to meticulous implementation, and strong support from the people, public and private sectors.

Electricity powers our economic development, drives many of our machines and appliances, and thus enriches our daily lives. It is critical to us, yet in Singapore we take it for granted. This is because over the past 10 years, the Energy Market Authority (EMA) has delivered one of the world’s most reliable electricity supplies to Singaporeans. As industry regulator, the EMA has ensured a competitive and effi cient electricity industry which has benefi ted Singapore consumers. The EMA has also enhanced our energy security. It is developing our fi rst liquefi ed natural gas (LNG) terminal, expected to be ready by the fi rst half of 2013. The LNG terminal will enable Singapore to diversify our gas sources by importing natural gas from all over the world.

Cities are blamed for the majority of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. So too are more affluent, highly urbanized countries. If all production- and consumption-based emissions that result from lifestyle and purchasing habits are included, urban residents and their associated affluence likely account for more than 80 per cent of the world's GHG emissions. Attribution of GHG emissions should be refined. Apportioning responsibility can be misguided, as recent literature demonstrates that residents of denser city centres can emit half the GHG emissions of their suburban neighbours. It also fails to capture the enormous disparities within and across cities as emissions are lowest for poor cities and particularly low for the urban poor.This paper presents a detailed analysis of per capita GHG emissions for several large cities and a review of per capita emissions for 100 cities for which peer-reviewed studies are available. This highlights how average per capita GHG emissions for cities vary from more than 15 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e) (Sydney, Calgary, Stuttgart and several major US cities) to less than half a tonne (various cities in Nepal, India and Bangladesh). The paper discusses where GHG emissions arise and where mitigation efforts may be most effective. It illustrates the need to obtain comparable estimates at city level and the importance of defining the scope of the analysis. Emissions for Toronto are presented at a neighbourhood level, city core level and metropolitan area level, and these are compared with provincial and national per capita totals. This shows that GHG emissions can vary noticeably for the same resident of a city or country depending on whether these are production- or consumption-based values. The methodologies and results presented form important inputs for policy development across urban sectors. The paper highlights the benefits and drawbacks of apportioning GHG emissions (and solid waste generation) per person. A strong correlation between high rates of GHG emissions and solid waste generation is presented. Policies that address both in concert may be more effective as they are both largely by-products of lifestyles.

In recent months, we have seen an increase in new generation planting proposals by power generation companies (Gencos). EMA welcomes these proposals, as they will add new capacity to meet growing demand in the future. However, we note that the surge of new plants may lead to a situation of excess supply in the initial years, as well as some constraints in the transmission network because of the surplus generation capacity. This paper therefore seeks to inform the industry about the likely transmission constraints, and how we see these constraints being resolved in the coming years.

The process of urbanization is one that is inextricably linked with the consumption of material, energy, and water resources. Urban metabolism provides a framework for characterizing the magnitudes of these urban resource requirements by considering the extended analogy of the biological metabolic process. In this study we propose a System Dynamics approach for linking the stocks and flows of urban metabolism with the socioeconomic activities of cities. We also present initial results from its application to the island city-state of Singapore. In the long term, we intend this technique of dynamic urban metabolism to be both descriptive and predictive, the former to better understand different historical modes of urban resource consumption, and the latter to inform strategies for resource efficient urban development in an increasingly resource-scarce world. Conference: Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technology

Singapore is a country that is currently highly dependent on import of oil and gas. In order to be able to shift into a more sustainable energy system, Singapore is investing in research regarding different technologies and systems so as to establish more sustainable energy solutions. Seeing how air-conditioning accounts for approximately 30 % of Singapore‟s total energy consumption, a feasibility study is being conducted on whether an integrated system using a thermally active building system (TABS) and desiccant evaporative cooling system (DECS) can replace the air-conditioning system. The question which is to be discussed in this thesis is whether solar and wind power can be financially feasible in Singapore and if they can be utilized in order to power the integrated system.

Water resources are essential to life, and in urban areas, the high demand density and finite local resources often engender conditions of relative water scarcity. To overcome this scarcity, governments intensify infrastructure and project demand into the future. Growth in the economy, population, and affluence of cities increase water demand, and water demand for many cities will increase into the future, requiring additional investments in water infrastructure. More sustainable policies for water will require capping socioeconomic water demand and reducing the associated demand for non-renewable energy and material resources. The thesis consists of the formulation of a System Dynamics model to replicate historic trends in water consumption for the growing city of Singapore. The goal of the model is to provide a platform for assessing socioeconomic demand trends relative to current water resources and water management policies and for examining how changes in climate and infrastructure costs might impact water availability over time. The model was calibrated to historical behavior and scenarios examined the vulnerability of supply to changing demand, climate, and cost. The outcome is a qualitative dynamic assessment of the circumstances under which Singapore's current policies allow them to meet their goals. Singapore was chosen as the case study to demonstrate the methodology, but in the future, the model will be applied to other cities to develop a typology of cities relative to water resources.

Singapore is home to an astounding diversity of life from the bizarre looking Antlion to the engagingly named Slipper Limpet, and from the endangered Banded Leaf Monkey to the ocean dwelling Zebra Shark. This superbly illustrated volume written by the foremost authorities on the natural environment of Singapore and based on the latest data and fieldwork features 23 essays exploring the concepts of biodiversity, ecosystems, and sustainability, and describes more than 40,000 non-microbial species that make up the island¿s unique biodiversity. With its more than 2,000 full-colour photographs, illustrations and maps, engaging and informative text, this is a must-have volume for anyone interested in the astonishing variety of wildlife found in Singapore.

Smart Energy, Sustainable Future: Smart Energy : How Singapore seeks to harness, deliver and utilize energy in an innovative and efficient way. Sustainable future : Need to develop robust energy solutions that endure over time.

Singapore’s Population Policy 3. Reasons for ageing population<br /><ul><li>Post-war baby boom 4. Declining birth rate 5. Longer lifespans</li></ul>Reasons for decline in population:<br /><ul><li>Success of govt policies 6. Social factors 7. Economic factors</li></ul>Impact of ageing population:<br /><ul><li>Strain on working population 8. Reduction in competitiveness 9. Increased demand for healthcare </li></ul> & social services<br /><ul><li>Smaller security forces</li></ul>Impact of decline in population:<br /><ul><li>Unattractive to MNCs 10. Defence 11. Ageing population</li></li></ul><li>Optimal population growth rate<br />Rapid population growth<br />(1950s-1960s)<br />Declining birth rate<br />(from 1980s)<br /><ul><li>Promote population growth 12. Control population growth</li></li></ul><li>1950s- 1960s: Post-war “Baby-Boom”<br />

In a world deeply concerned about future accessibility of physical resources, especially materials, water and energy, the young field of industrial ecology brings resolute attention to tracking the flows of these resources through systems at different scales. Material flow analysis is an industrial ecology tool used to examine system metabolism by tracking the input, output, conversion and accumulation of materials, water, energy or selected substances, helping to inform decisions about resource availability, waste management and pollution reduction at local, regional or global levels. With the exception of several nature reserves, the island city-state of Singapore is highly urbanized, and has been dependent upon industrial and manufacturing activities for its national standing and economic growth. As such, mapping Singapore’s ‘urban metabolism’ through a material flow analysis (MFA) approach, with a particular focus on materials catalogued by international trade databases, is useful for understanding the island’s level of sustainable resources use within the context of the global economy and ecosystem. This study compares relevant data describing Singapore’s material flows for the years 2000, 2004 and 2008. Domestic material consumption on the island is found to be highly variable across the three study years. This primarily reflects Singapore’s levels of construction activity, including considerable additions of actual land area to the island. The flux in the quantity of sand imports to Singapore illustrates the volatility that one category of goods can introduce to the material record of an otherwise stable economy. For countries that are becoming increasingly dependent on imported products, the implication is that a growing share of the impact is taking place in other countries. Global economic trends are also determined to have an effect on Singapore’s additions to stock vs. its exports, as its gross domestic product is highly reliant on trade activity.

ABSTRACT. The primeval vegetation of Singapore was largely lowland dipterocarp forest, with mangrove forest lining much of the coast and freshwater swamp forest found further inland adjacent to the streams and rivers. After colonization by the British in 1819, almost all the primeval vegetation was cleared for agriculture and other land uses. The most comprehensive vegetation map of Singapore was made in the 1970s and has not been updated since. Here we present an updated vegetation map of Singapore using information from satellite images, published works, and extensive ground-truthing. Vegetation covers 56% of Singapore’s total land area: 27% is actively managed (parks, gardens, lawns, etc.) and 29% is spontaneous vegetation. Primary lowland dipterocarp forest and freshwater swamp forest cover only 0.28% and is confined to the Bukit Timah and Central Catchment Nature Reserves. The majority of the non-managed vegetation is secondary forest of various kinds, dominated by native or alien trees. The managed vegetation and alien-dominated secondary vegetation are understudied and deserve more research attention. The vegetation of Singapore should be re-mapped at regular intervals in order to better understand the changes.

The primeval vegetation of Singapore was largely lowland dipterocarp forest, with mangrove forest lining much of the coast and freshwater swamp forest found further inland adjacent to the streams and rivers. After colonization by the British in 1819, almost all the primeval vegetation was cleared for agriculture and other land uses. The most comprehensive vegetation map of Singapore was made in the 1970s and has not been updated since. Here we present an updated vegetation map of Singapore using information from satellite images, published works, and extensive ground-truthing. Vegetation covers 56% of Singapore's total land area: 27% is actively managed (parks, gardens, lawns, etc.) and 29% is spontaneous vegetation. Primary lowland dipterocarp forest and freshwater swamp forest cover only 0.28% and is confined to the Bukit Timah and Central Catchment Nature Reserves. The majority of the non-managed vegetation is secondary forest of various kinds, dominated by native or alien trees. The managed vegetation and alien-dominated secondary vegetation are understudied and deserve more research attention. The vegetation of Singapore should be re-mapped at regular intervals in order to better understand the changes.

In addition to natural ecosystems, managed habitats such as public parks, park connectors, roadside plantings and reservoir parks also support considerable biodiversity, which underscores Singapore’s commitment towards creating a clean, green and blue living environment. Over the past 20 years, Singapore’s green cover has increased from 36 per cent to 47 per cent of the total land area (National Parks Board, 2008)

An ecological corridor will be planted up in Singapore like a forest to enable animal and plant transfer between two reserves. Longer term, it is hoped that the corridor will restore the ecological balance in the fragmented habitats and rectify the loss of biodiversity. If successful, it could be replicated in other tropical cities to help conserve native biodiversity and to teach us how to restore degraded natural landscapes.

The reporting framework for FRA 2010 is based on the thematic elements of sustainable forest management acknowledged in intergovernmental forest-related fora and includes variables related to the extent, condition, uses and values of forest resources, as well as the policy, legal and institutional framework related to forests.

The city state is three and a half times the size of Washington DC with nearly eight times as many inhabitants. Yet its diminutive stature belies its ambition. To maintain its status as a global financial hub, Singapore has expanded its surface area by 22% since the 1960s; an operation which involves extensive land reclamation and construction – up, down and outwards. The process requires vast quantities of sand. Singapore needs to source this from beyond its national boundaries and this is proving harder and harder to do. Among its neighbours, one government after another has limited or banned exports of sand to Singapore due to its potentially heavy environmental toll.

Singapore adopts a centralized planning approach while ensuring a judicious use of land so as not to compromise its ability to meet future needs. This is done through URA's preparation of the Concept Plan and the Master Plan, both of which provide a comprehensive, forward-looking, integrated framework for sustainable development.

This paper explains Singapore's holistic approach and effective governance on water management in Singapore. Since gaining independence, an enabling environment which includes a strong political will has pushed the country successfully to achieve self-sufficiency in water. There are also legal/regulatory and institutional frameworks put in place to ensure effective implementation of its water management policies. The institutional framework has facilitated an integrated ‘whole-of-government’ approach to land-use planning, water management, a sound built environment and pollution control. Lastly, the technical framework that comes under its national water agency has effectively managed the entire water cycle as a single system for the whole country.

A dearth of available data on carbon emissions and comparative analysis between metropolitan areas make it difficult to confirm or refute best practices and policies. To help provide benchmarks and expand our understanding of urban centers and climate change, this article offers a preliminary comparison of the carbon footprints of 12 metropolitan areas. It does this by examining emissions related to vehicles, energy used in buildings, industry, agriculture, and waste. The carbon emissions from these sources—discussed here as the metro area's partial carbon footprint—provide a foundation for identifying the pricing, land use, help metropolitan areas throughout the world respond to climate change. The article begins by exploring a sample of the existing literature on urban morphology and climate change and explaining the methodology used to calculate each area's carbon footprint. The article then depicts the specific carbon footprints for Beijing, Jakarta, London, Los Angeles, Manila, Mexico City, New Delhi, New York, São Paulo, Seoul, Singapore, and Tokyo and compares these to respective national averages. It concludes by offering suggestions for how city planners and policymakers can reduce the carbon footprint of these and possibly other large urban areas.

“Conserving Our Biodiversity” maps out Singapore’s master plan for biodiversity. It aims to promote biodiversity conservation, keeping in mind that as a densely populated country with no hinterland, we would have to adopt a pragmatic approach to conservation and develop unique solutions to our challenges. It intends to establish both policy frameworks and specific measures to ensure better planning and co-ordination in the sustainable use, management and conservation of our biodiversity.

Presentation Outline • Introduction • Overview of Solid Waste Situation • Waste Challenges • Waste Management Strategies • Conclusion

In 2019, the price of cement in bulk in Singapore was at approximately 83 Singapore dollars per ton. This was an increase from the market price of cement in the previous year.

Measuring Production of out puts and inputs in all sectors of the singapore economy

Singapore furniture players set up commercial presence in more than 16 countries, including the US, Europe and Japan to better service their customers Also export to non-traditional markets as far as Djibouti, Guadeloupe, Iceland, Slovenia, Malta, Cyprus, Costa Rica, Puerto Rico, Chile, Peru, Bahrain, Israel, Oman, Lebanon, Qatar, Georgia, Morocco, Reunion Island, Guam, Khazhastan, Mexico, Ukraine and Cyprus.

This is a publication on the rubber market in Singapore. It explains how the Singapore rubber market is organised and the contribution it makes to the commerce of Malaya and Southeas Asia.

It talks about the market key drivers , challenges in the industry looking at costs associated with the whole manufacturing process

This paper investigates the present solid waste management situation in Singapore and compares it with other waste options. Modern urban integrated waste management practices are fundamentally reliant on two core technologies: landfilling and incineration. Solid waste management in Singapore is administered by the National Environmental Agency (NEA).4 With limited territory available for the landfilling of disposed wastes, the NEA policy for waste disposal gives top priority to the incineration of all incinerable wastes that are not recovered, reused, or recycled. There are presently four incineration plants and one sanitary landfill in Singapore.

This paper attempts to identify the main trends in bilateral mineral fuel and oil trade between India and Singapore. It focuses on the last five years (2003-2007) with the specific objective of identifying the leading commodities being traded on either side at a disaggregated level and the market determinants of such trade

Because human population and socioeconomic activity are both increasingly concentrated in cities, an improved understanding of the environmental consequences of urbanization is needed. A 41-year annual time series of direct material flows was compiled for Singapore, representing a case of fast, export-driven industrialization. Results show that the spectacular economic growth of Singapore by a factor of 20 was associated with a similar expansion of domestic material consumption (DMC). DMC remained closely coupled to economic activity, increasing from below 4 tonnes per capita annually in 1962 to more than 50 tonnes annually in 2000. Despite economic structural changes and a growing service sector, no significant improvements in overall material productivity have been observed.

ingapore is a nation with a rich biodiversity of plants and animals. Conserving and bringing nature into city is an important issue. Besides ecologists, more and more planners nowadays also show great concern in biodiversity conservation, and the possible influence of ecological strategies on the visual quality of landscape is noted. However, there has been no systematic study of the feasible approaches to incorporate conservation and enhancement of biodiversity into the publica??s preference and acceptance for landscapes in Singapore. The aims of this thesis are to conceptually discuss how to enhance biodiversity and to explore the potential publica??s preference for landscapes created and maintained by these approaches in Singapore. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part reviews the biodiversity conservation and enhancement approaches, which can be helpful to the city planners and landscape architects, and discusses the existing situation in Singapore. These approaches, i.e. (1) conservation of biodiversity, (2) restoration and creation of habitats and (3) linkage among habitats are summarized. As far as Singapore is concerned, the key strategy is to conserve the most important biodiversity habitats. Conceptual assessment of the existing vegetations in Singapore was done through the analysis of literature, and the biodiversity habitats with different importance were identified on the green map. These habitats should be linked by green corridors, and the ecological quality of these corridors should be good enough to ensure their function. Restoration of damaged ecosystem and creation of new habitats are helpful to the sustainability of the conserved habitats. From the ecological perspective, restoration of some secondary forests in parks and along green corridors is a possible task, and can be widely carried out around Singapore. The second part of the thesis studies the publica??s acceptance to biodiversity habitats designed and managed by the approaches discussed above. Case studies were conducted in three regional parks, namely West Coast Park, Labrador Park and Clementi Woods. All of them are not only popular with users but also have some natural areas. The study includes two parts.

This report covers the market potential in Singapore for construction equipment and machinery parts used in the construction industry. This covers all types of bulldozers, wheeled/crawler shovels/loaders, hydraulic excavators, and road rollers as well as rock drilling and earth boring machinery and pile-drivers/extractors.

ingapore has a sophisticated and efficient system of land transport to serve a growing demand for transportation. Constrained by limited space, a comprehensive set of land transport policies has been in place to balance the growth in transport demand and the effectiveness and efficiency of the land transport system. A multi-pronged approach has been used to achieve the objective of a world-class transportation system. These include integration of urban and transport planning, expansion of the road network and improvement of the transport infrastructure, harnessing the latest technology in network and traffic management, managing vehicle ownership and usage, and improvement and regulations of public transport (Ministry of Transport (MOT) (2003) Policy and Regulations, Land Transport, Available: www.mot.gov.sg, Date of Access: 15 September 2003). Singapore was the first country in the world to introduce various new techniques, notably the Area License Scheme (ALS) in 1975 and the Vehicle Quota System (VQS) in 1990. An Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) system replaced the ALS in 1998 to take the role of congestion management, the experience of which has also drawn particular attention from many large cities in the world. In 2003, the world’s first and only fully automatic heavy rail Mass Rapid Transit system was opened to the public, marking a new chapter in Singapore’s innovative approach to solving its land transport problem. This paper reviews the land transport policy implemented in Singapore and pays special emphasis to its public transportation systems.

The Old Alluvium of Singapore is studied using both laboratory and field tests to investigate its engineering properties. The natural heterogeneity of OA is recognized and a classification system developed. Sampling effect, Ko and shear strength were studied in detail. It is found the clay content and stress history helps OA to resist sampling disturbance. However, the current commonly used thick-wall samplers need to be improved. Ko values of normally consolidated OA can be predicted by Jakya??s equation, but the over-consolidation stress history resulted in scattered Ko values due to different OCR values and soil composition.A new concept, granular void ratio equivalent ege, is developed by assigning different contribution factors to different fines. Strength and stiffness of OA is governed by granular void ratio equivalent ege rather than the void ratio e. The importance of understanding the mineralogical composition and stress history in characterization of natural soils is highlighted.

Residual soils are weathering products of rocks that are commonly found under unsaturated conditions. The properties of residual soils are a function of the degree of weathering. A series of index properties, engineering properties, mercury porosimetry tests and scanning electron microscope (SEM) examinations were performed on residual soils from two major geological formations in Singapore. The results indicate that the variation in the index and engineering properties as well as microstructural characteristics of the residual soils with depth can be related to the degree of weathering. An increase in the degree of weathering results in an increase in pore volume and produces a larger range of pore-size distribution. The variation in the pore volume and the pore-size distribution through a profile of weathered rock can be used as an indicative measure of the variation in the degree of weathering with depth.

An in-depth look at the characteristics of the companies in the survey gives an idea of their structure and organisation in terms of size, ownership, organisation structure, sales orientation, buyers, production organisation, etc. It must be noted that this is essentially a snapshot and can be seen as the outcome of changes and strategies in the past decades.

In consideration of the small size of land-scarce Singapore and its high degree of urbanisation forestry in Singapore’s context can be broadly categorized as: Forests in gazetted Nature Reserves, consisting mainly of remnant primary forests and regenerating secondary forests; and Urban streetscapes, consisting mainly of closely planted roadside trees along 95% of. Singapore’s roads, and trees in urban developments, urban parks and vacant lands, as well as planted and managed trees on offshore islands and reclaimed lands.

This paper presents an overview of the current solid waste management situation in Singapore and provides a brief discussion of the future challenges. Singapore is a small island city-state with a large population, warm climate and high humidity. Over the past two to three decades, rapid industrialization and economic development have caused a tremendous increase in solid waste generation. The yearly disposed solid waste increased from 0.74 million tonnes in 1972 to 2.80 million tonnes in 2000. Solid waste management in Singapore has traditionally been undertaken by the Ministry of Environment (ENV), with the participation of some private sectors in recent years. The hierarchy of solid waste management in Singapore is waste minimization (reduce, reuse and recycle or so-called 3 Rs), followed by incineration and landfill. As land is extremely scarce and only one newly constructed offshore landfill site is available, solid waste incineration has been identified as the most preferred disposal method. Waste minimization, the utilization of incineration ashes, industrial waste management are regarded to be the major challenges in the future.

In Singapore, the state has a policy of the extensive encouragement of automation as well as the continuous upgrading of the labour force through further education and retraining. This paper reports on a survey of workers, together with case studies of firms, in the electronics industry. It suggests that the implementation of automation may at times be in conflict with the training and educational upgrading policy, and may be accompanied by extensive labour turnover due to the demands of new working hours associated with automation. However, the high level of demand for labour within Singapore, and the ready availability of alternative sources of supply from outside, means that this is not a serious problem. In general, workers considered that their levels of skill had been enhanced as a result of automation, but also that the intensity of their effort had been increased.

In 1980, Singapore exported a to ta l o f 1.8 m illion m^ o f timber and timber products valued at S$ l , l l 6 m illion . The value comprised U8 per cent savn timber, 38 per cent plyvood (p la in and decorative ) and veneer and l 1* per cent mouldings, knock-dovn furn iture and furniture components. While to ta l experts as compared with 19'T9 reg istered a decline o f 14 per cent in volume and 3 per cen* in value, the mouldings and knockdown furn iture sector, in value terms shoved an increase o f 15 per cent.

Coloured map of Singapore, and its surrounding islands, showing the various soil types (soils of igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, alluvial deposits, alluvium, marine sediments and organic), places, trigonometrical stations, main roads, reservoirs, rivers, Jurong Industrial Estate, reclamation area, international airport and others

from igneous rocks of acid or basic composition, as well as alluvial soils in swamps and sodium have been leached away, and Singapore soils are formed mainly in three different categories alluvial, igneous /sedimentary and from granite . The soil type characterised according to Leamy and Panton (1966) in different habits